水木艾迪：閱讀理解沖刺之新題型二
新題型二：段落排序題
段落排序題的測試要點是：理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，主要考查考生把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，要求考生在閱讀各個段落時要把握它們的中心大意，并且將各段的段落大意整合，理清它們之間的邏輯順序，然后按照文章的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)進行排序。
解題步驟：
1.首先讀文章中指定的首尾段，了解文章的主要內(nèi)容,并以此為基礎(chǔ)判斷文章基本的邏輯關(guān)系。注意首段的最后幾句可能給出的線索。
2.通讀其余五段，留意各段中富有暗示性的詞語或句子 不要忽視在各段中出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的詞匯，它們經(jīng)常是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。
3.將每一段的大意做中文標注。
4.初步排列五個段落 結(jié)合各段所給的暗示以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進一步調(diào)整各段順序。給在各段的關(guān)鍵詞或重復出現(xiàn)的詞標注下來，尤其注意可能出現(xiàn)相同詞語或有明顯邏輯詞語相連接的上下兩段話。
5.最后的確認 把排列好順序的文章通讀一遍，從整體上對段落的順序進行最后的確認。注意檢查段與段之間的內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合邏輯的發(fā)展。
例：
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A]I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, well probably have to lay some people off in the near future. Its hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnt -its boring, routine paperwork, and there isnt much you can do about it.
[B]Finally, I cant say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know its not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
[C]Ive got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
[D]Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know thats not fair-too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.
[E]The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
[F]So I just dont know What to do. Ive been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.
[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order：
G
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
F
[題解]
這篇樣題在7個段落中已給出篇首和篇尾段落在文章的位置。通過對文章首末段的閱讀，我們明顯可以看出本文的結(jié)構(gòu)屬于現(xiàn)象問題解決型。
首段說的是：一個大都市的市政府召開各部門管理人員研討會。有一個研討會討論的話題是如何激勵公務員做好工作。在討論中，一位警察局警長遇到的難題成了談論的焦點。除了這段話，其他段的話都有引號，表明是某人說的話。尾段說到：所以我不知道如何是好。多年來我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望這次研討會能給我的難題帶來啟示，能幫我應對未來的工作。很明顯，這是發(fā)言的總結(jié)句。結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容，我們可以知道，引號里的話是警察局警長的話，而整篇文章主要講的是他面臨的難題。
接著，我們看A到E段，哪一段像發(fā)言的起始段呢?這就要看是哪一段把討論的話題引入。我們可以主要看每段的第一句話。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)[C]段第一句話直截了當?shù)攸c出話題：Ive got a real problem with my officers，而且與首段的最后一句連接自然，所以我們可以判定41題空中應該填 [C]。[C]段的第一句話后，警長開始評價他的隊員。 這一段的內(nèi)容較為正面。因為警長說有一個難題，按邏輯順序，下一段落應該出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，提出職員中存在的問題。
依照這樣的思路，我們在剩下 的段落中尋找，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)下一段選[E]連接最自然。[C]段先表揚職員對公眾的事積極、熱心，但是The problem occurs when they get back to the station。什么問題呢?They hate to do the paperwork警長說出了問題的關(guān)鍵他們不喜歡寫公文。警長還進一步說明了問題帶來的麻煩。說明了問題，警長又是怎么去解決的呢?他的解決方式是否奏效?
再順著這個思路，我們可以找出下兩段的順序是[A]項和[B]項。警長是毫無辦法。難道就一點辦法都沒有嗎?其他人是怎么看的?在[D]段中，警長提到有人建議通過勝訴記錄來評價， 他們也進行過小組之間的比賽，但是沒有什么效果。所以，警長殷切地希望能在研討會上得到啟發(fā)和幫助。按照這樣的思路，這些段落就組成了一篇通順、完整的文章。
考生在做這樣的題型時，如果沒有把握，可以多列出幾種可能的順序，然后根據(jù)這些順序重讀文章，看是否思路順暢。完成此類題目關(guān)鍵是把握文章的主要話題和基本的邏輯順序。
[答案]
41.C 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.D
新題型二：段落排序題
段落排序題的測試要點是：理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)，主要考查考生把握篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的能力，要求考生在閱讀各個段落時要把握它們的中心大意，并且將各段的段落大意整合，理清它們之間的邏輯順序，然后按照文章的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)進行排序。
解題步驟：
1.首先讀文章中指定的首尾段，了解文章的主要內(nèi)容,并以此為基礎(chǔ)判斷文章基本的邏輯關(guān)系。注意首段的最后幾句可能給出的線索。
2.通讀其余五段，留意各段中富有暗示性的詞語或句子 不要忽視在各段中出現(xiàn)頻率比較高的詞匯，它們經(jīng)常是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。
3.將每一段的大意做中文標注。
4.初步排列五個段落 結(jié)合各段所給的暗示以及上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進一步調(diào)整各段順序。給在各段的關(guān)鍵詞或重復出現(xiàn)的詞標注下來，尤其注意可能出現(xiàn)相同詞語或有明顯邏輯詞語相連接的上下兩段話。
5.最后的確認 把排列好順序的文章通讀一遍，從整體上對段落的順序進行最后的確認。注意檢查段與段之間的內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)是否符合邏輯的發(fā)展。
例：
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
[A]I just dont know how to motivate them to do a better job. Were in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, well probably have to lay some people off in the near future. Its hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isnt -its boring, routine paperwork, and there isnt much you can do about it.
[B]Finally, I cant say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know its not true. If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms. All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
[C]Ive got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat, They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
[D]Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know thats not fair-too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesnt necessarily mean youll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.
[E]The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.
[F]So I just dont know What to do. Ive been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.
[G]A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation-how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order：
G
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
F
[題解]
這篇樣題在7個段落中已給出篇首和篇尾段落在文章的位置。通過對文章首末段的閱讀，我們明顯可以看出本文的結(jié)構(gòu)屬于現(xiàn)象問題解決型。
首段說的是：一個大都市的市政府召開各部門管理人員研討會。有一個研討會討論的話題是如何激勵公務員做好工作。在討論中，一位警察局警長遇到的難題成了談論的焦點。除了這段話，其他段的話都有引號，表明是某人說的話。尾段說到：所以我不知道如何是好。多年來我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望這次研討會能給我的難題帶來啟示，能幫我應對未來的工作。很明顯，這是發(fā)言的總結(jié)句。結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容，我們可以知道，引號里的話是警察局警長的話，而整篇文章主要講的是他面臨的難題。
接著，我們看A到E段，哪一段像發(fā)言的起始段呢?這就要看是哪一段把討論的話題引入。我們可以主要看每段的第一句話。我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)[C]段第一句話直截了當?shù)攸c出話題：Ive got a real problem with my officers，而且與首段的最后一句連接自然，所以我們可以判定41題空中應該填 [C]。[C]段的第一句話后，警長開始評價他的隊員。 這一段的內(nèi)容較為正面。因為警長說有一個難題，按邏輯順序，下一段落應該出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，提出職員中存在的問題。
依照這樣的思路，我們在剩下 的段落中尋找，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)下一段選[E]連接最自然。[C]段先表揚職員對公眾的事積極、熱心，但是The problem occurs when they get back to the station。什么問題呢?They hate to do the paperwork警長說出了問題的關(guān)鍵他們不喜歡寫公文。警長還進一步說明了問題帶來的麻煩。說明了問題，警長又是怎么去解決的呢?他的解決方式是否奏效?
再順著這個思路，我們可以找出下兩段的順序是[A]項和[B]項。警長是毫無辦法。難道就一點辦法都沒有嗎?其他人是怎么看的?在[D]段中，警長提到有人建議通過勝訴記錄來評價， 他們也進行過小組之間的比賽，但是沒有什么效果。所以，警長殷切地希望能在研討會上得到啟發(fā)和幫助。按照這樣的思路，這些段落就組成了一篇通順、完整的文章。
考生在做這樣的題型時，如果沒有把握，可以多列出幾種可能的順序，然后根據(jù)這些順序重讀文章，看是否思路順暢。完成此類題目關(guān)鍵是把握文章的主要話題和基本的邏輯順序。
[答案]
41.C 42.E 43.A 44.B 45.D
