古巴舊友重拾

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Cuba and the outside world 　　古巴及外圍世界 　　Rekindling old friendships 　　舊友重拾 　　Cuba is once again resorting to geopolitics tosupport a failing economy 　　古巴再次訴諸地緣政治，以支撐其低迷經濟 　　CARLITO, a wiry man with greying hair, sits undera palm tree in Mariel, a town on a bay 40km west of Havana, sipping rum and watching acontainer ship edge out towards the Caribean. He recalls seeing a flotilla of smaller boatsleaving from this same spot in 1980, carrying thousands of opponents of the Castro regimeto Florida in the Mariel boatlift. 　　Carito滿臉疲倦，頭發花白，靜坐在馬里埃爾鎮的一棵棕櫚樹下，這一海灣小鎮距離哈瓦那40千米，他抿一口朗姆酒，目送著一只載著集裝箱的貨船起錨駛向加勒比海，1980年的回憶襲上心頭，當時一組略小的船只同樣從這里起航，滿載著成百上千的卡斯特羅政權的反對者，偷偷從馬里埃爾駛向弗羅里達， 　　Those were politically charged times. Government trucks would come to his school to delivereggs for him and his friends to throw at the people fleeing. About a decade and a half later,after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 plunged Cuba s economy into crisis, sources ofprotein were so scarce that Carlito recalled those wasted eggs with bitter regret. SomeMarielitos, as those who fled are known, returned recently and Carlito was stunned at howprosperous they had become. We used to call them traidores , he chuckles. Nowwe call them traedolares . 　　當時政治斗爭風生水起，政府的卡車會裝載著雞蛋來到他的學校，供他和他的朋友扔向那些逃亡的人群，但15年后，蘇聯解體，將古巴的經濟一舉推向危機的深淵，連蛋白質也成了珍稀產品，一想到當年浪費的那些雞蛋，Carlito無不扼腕嘆息。近來，一些當年逃走的所謂Marielitos的人重回古巴，他們的富有讓Carlito大跌眼鏡，他打趣兒的說，當年我們損他們為賣國賊，現在則稱他們是生財佬。 　　Across the bay from where Carlito sits is a 900m container port, which was built withBrazilian money and inaugurated in January. There are plans to develop a special economiczone alongside it, modelled on the thriving export hubs, such as Shenzhen, that Chinadeveloped from 1980 onwards. The port is part of a vision for Cuba that relies less onCuban-American gusanos sending remittances to prop up the local economy, andmore on an inflow of foreign investors. 　　穿過Carlito靜坐的海灣，一個造價9億美元的集裝箱港躍入眼簾，該港口以巴西貨幣為經費，1月投入使用，計劃是在其周邊建設特別經濟區，以一些蒸蒸日上的出口中心如深圳1980年后中國騰飛的城市為模板，這一港口是古巴減輕對古巴裔美國人依賴計劃的一部分，不完全指望他們為當地經濟發展投入經費著力引進更多的外來投資。 　　But Carlito is keeping his excitement in check. Construction workers building the containerterminal were paid a mere 250 pesos a month, he says, so the ramshackle town has yet tobenefit from the development. None of the 23 firms who have sought licences to operate inthe special economic zone has yet been granted one. Even Joaqun Infante, the 88-year-oldvice-president of the slow-moving National Association of Cuban Economists and Accountants,urges speedier authorisation of investment. We need to be more flexible and take morerisks, he says. 　　但Carlito并未喜出望外而是坐而觀望，他說，建造集裝箱港口的工人的月薪僅為250比索，這相對于扶持起一個搖搖欲墜的城鎮來說無異于杯水車薪，盡管已經有23所公司申請了特別經濟區的經營執照，但無一成功。即使是在步履蹣跚的古巴經濟學家和會計師協會，88歲的副會長也要求對投資盡快審批，他說我們應更加靈活機動，不畏風險。 　　Despite reforms that have brought some big changes to Cuba in the form of privaterestaurants, bed-and-breakfasts and new co-operatives, the economy has virtually ground toa halt. In the first half of the year GDP grew by just 0.6%, leading the government to reduceits estimate for full-year growth to 1.4%. That is lower than the 2.7% annual average figuresince Ral Castro became president in 2008. 　　雖然改革帶來了很大的機遇，古巴迎來了一些私人餐館，住宿早餐包攬的旅館和新的企業，但其經濟發展停滯不前，今年上半年古巴的GDP增長僅為0.6%，這促使政府將全年增長預期調低至1.4%，這比卡斯特羅自2008年上任以來的年均數據2.7%還要低。 　　Investment is the root of the problem. In a report in July, two Cuban economists, OmarEverleny and Ricardo Torres, estimated that the growth in Cuba s capital stock, such asmachinery and buildings, fell to 7.8% of GDP last year, close to its level of 5.4% in 1993when the economy was in serious trouble. From the 20th floor of the Habana Libre, arun-down hotel, not one crane can be seen on the skyline. The economy is screwed, says aHavana-based diplomat. 　　問題的根源在于投資，在7月的一則報告中，兩名古巴經濟學家奧馬爾和里卡多預測諸如在機械和建筑領域的股本下跌至占GDP的7.8%，與1993年該國經濟正處泥潭中的水平基本持平，從哈瓦那棚戶區的一家旅館的20層樓上觀望，目光所及的天際之下，無一架起重機，哈瓦那的一名外交人員說，放眼國家經濟，只讓人眉頭緊鎖 　　Supporters of the regime argue that the reforms simply need more time. A profit-orientedreorganisation of state-owned behemoths, such as the sugar monopoly, could bepromising; it is just that the bureaucrats who run them are slow to change. Critics,however, see a fundamental flaw in the reform model. Although it has sought to givesome people more freedom in what they make and sell, the state keeps a stranglehold on theinputs they need for those businesses, such as seeds for growing crops, or sauces and spicesfor restaurants, or spare parts for taxis. It has cracked down on mules bringing in suchgoods on passenger planes from abroad. 　　政權的支持者說，改革不過是需要更多的時間，以盈利為導向重組例如制糖壟斷的國企大亨前景甚好，只是運營的官僚機構老牛破車，然而，批評人士認為，改革方略中存在根本性漏洞，雖說國家給予了人們制作和銷售的更多的自由，但卻嚴格限制做生意所需原料的進口，如糧食種子，餐館的調味汁和香料或出租車的備件，他也嚴厲打擊用客機從國外偷運這些商品的人。 　　Diplomats say such counter-measures will make it harder for Cuba to attract the 2.5 billionin annual foreign investment that the regime aims for. Some also reckon the financialsqueeze on the island has tightened this year in the wake of the case against BNP Paribas, aFrench bank, for evading American sanctions on doing business with Cuba, among otherplaces. 　　外交人員稱在這些打擊措施下，古巴更難實現年外資吸收達25億美元的目標，一些人估計，對抗法國銀行BNP Paribas事件使得今年的財政困難雪上加霜，該事件是為了躲避美國對其他地區實施的與古巴通商的制裁。 　　That is why Cuba-watchers have paid close attention to the visits of Russia s president,Vladimir Putin, and China s leader, Xi Jinping, in recent weeks. Though both men offered fewconcrete investments in Cuba, they provide an opportunity for the Castro regime to startreducing its dependence on its closest ally, Venezuela, whose pro-Cuba government hasbeen rocked by instability this year. Says Mr Infante: We have to diversify and notdepend on just one partner. He hopes that means more Chinese and Russian investment inMariel. 　　因此，持觀望態度的投資者對近幾周俄羅斯總統普京和中國國家主席習近平的來訪甚為關注，雖說兩人提供的實際投資不過寥寥，但這至少給卡斯特羅政權提供機會，減少對他親密戰友委內瑞拉的依賴程度，但該國支持古巴的政權今年也在動蕩中下臺，infante說，我們應建立多元伙伴關系而不是依靠單獨一個，他希望馬里埃爾港能迎來更多來自中國和俄羅斯的投資。 　　One envoy says the regime also prefers such investments to Western capital because it seesneither China nor Russia as a Trojan horse working towards regime change. A Cubaneconomist sees uncanny parallels with the special terms offered to the Soviet Union in thecold war. The mentality of the decision-makers is to talk to Russia, talk to China, and makethem offers based on politics, he says. But this is the same mentality we had in thepastand it didn t do much for productivity. 　　一位使者稱該政權也希望能給西部首都帶來同樣的投資，因為他認為俄羅斯和中國的投資都不是特洛伊木馬，企圖推動政權更替，一位古巴的經濟學家稱在冷戰期間針對蘇聯的措辭與此如出一轍，不可思議，他說;決策者希望與俄羅斯和中國實現交流，使他們基于政治因素作出投資，但這不過是老調重彈，鮮有成效。 　　Cuba s courtship of Russia is particularly striking: a day after Malaysian Airlines flight MH17was shot down, Fidel Castro publicly blamed Ukraine s government. Such an overtlypro-Russian stance on Ukraine may hinder political negotiations that started this yearbetween Cuba and the EU, diplomats say. It also makes it harder for Barack Obama toimprove America s relations with Cuba, let alone consider an end to the counter-productive54-year-old embargo. Back in Mariel, Carlito wants good relations with everyone, especiallyAmerica. Luckily we Cubans have a lot of patience and patience is good, he says. Without it there s just frustration. 　　古巴對俄羅斯的巴結尤其讓人嗔目結舌，馬航飛機MH17擊落一天后，卡斯特羅便公開譴責烏克蘭政府，外交人員說，它在烏克蘭問題上公開支持俄羅斯的立場可能會影響今年他與歐盟的政治對話，此外，奧巴馬會更不情愿改善兩國關系，更別提結束長達54年的禁運，雖說其效果是適得其反。卡斯特羅希望馬里埃爾能與所有國家建立友好關系，尤其是美國，他說，幸運的是我們古巴人民鍥而不舍，否則便只有槁木死灰。 　　1.resort to 依靠，求助于;訴諸 　　So we have to resort to triggers as in Listing 8. 　　所以我們必須像清單 8 那樣借助于觸發器。 　　Shall we resort to entreaty and humblesupplication? 　　我們應該訴諸和約和卑下的哀求嗎? 　　2.throw at 投向，擲向 　　But others filled bottles with petrol to throw at the police lines. 　　另外一些人則在瓶子里灌上汽油投向警察的警戒線。 　　Whatever humans throw at it, in other words, Earth will fix things in its own time and its ownway. 　　換句話說，不管人們往地球上扔什么，地球都會以自己的節奏和方式將問題解決掉。 　　3.send to 發送到;發送給 　　Many intellectuals and arts like folding fan, and they treat them as gifts to send to theirfriends. 　　許多知識分子和像扇子藝術，和他們對待他們當作禮物發送給他們的朋友。 　　These services create a model that the presentation tier consumes to create a view to sendto a client. 　　這些服務創建一個模型，表示層利用此模型來創建一個發送到客戶機的視圖。

　　2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 　　Cuba and the outside world 　　古巴及外圍世界 　　Rekindling old friendships 　　舊友重拾 　　Cuba is once again resorting to geopolitics tosupport a failing economy 　　古巴再次訴諸地緣政治，以支撐其低迷經濟 　　CARLITO, a wiry man with greying hair, sits undera palm tree in Mariel, a town on a bay 40km west of Havana, sipping rum and watching acontainer ship edge out towards the Caribean. He recalls seeing a flotilla of smaller boatsleaving from this same spot in 1980, carrying thousands of opponents of the Castro regimeto Florida in the Mariel boatlift. 　　Carito滿臉疲倦，頭發花白，靜坐在馬里埃爾鎮的一棵棕櫚樹下，這一海灣小鎮距離哈瓦那40千米，他抿一口朗姆酒，目送著一只載著集裝箱的貨船起錨駛向加勒比海，1980年的回憶襲上心頭，當時一組略小的船只同樣從這里起航，滿載著成百上千的卡斯特羅政權的反對者，偷偷從馬里埃爾駛向弗羅里達， 　　Those were politically charged times. Government trucks would come to his school to delivereggs for him and his friends to throw at the people fleeing. About a decade and a half later,after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989 plunged Cuba s economy into crisis, sources ofprotein were so scarce that Carlito recalled those wasted eggs with bitter regret. SomeMarielitos, as those who fled are known, returned recently and Carlito was stunned at howprosperous they had become. We used to call them traidores , he chuckles. Nowwe call them traedolares . 　　當時政治斗爭風生水起，政府的卡車會裝載著雞蛋來到他的學校，供他和他的朋友扔向那些逃亡的人群，但15年后，蘇聯解體，將古巴的經濟一舉推向危機的深淵，連蛋白質也成了珍稀產品，一想到當年浪費的那些雞蛋，Carlito無不扼腕嘆息。近來，一些當年逃走的所謂Marielitos的人重回古巴，他們的富有讓Carlito大跌眼鏡，他打趣兒的說，當年我們損他們為賣國賊，現在則稱他們是生財佬。 　　Across the bay from where Carlito sits is a 900m container port, which was built withBrazilian money and inaugurated in January. There are plans to develop a special economiczone alongside it, modelled on the thriving export hubs, such as Shenzhen, that Chinadeveloped from 1980 onwards. The port is part of a vision for Cuba that relies less onCuban-American gusanos sending remittances to prop up the local economy, andmore on an inflow of foreign investors. 　　穿過Carlito靜坐的海灣，一個造價9億美元的集裝箱港躍入眼簾，該港口以巴西貨幣為經費，1月投入使用，計劃是在其周邊建設特別經濟區，以一些蒸蒸日上的出口中心如深圳1980年后中國騰飛的城市為模板，這一港口是古巴減輕對古巴裔美國人依賴計劃的一部分，不完全指望他們為當地經濟發展投入經費著力引進更多的外來投資。 　　But Carlito is keeping his excitement in check. Construction workers building the containerterminal were paid a mere 250 pesos a month, he says, so the ramshackle town has yet tobenefit from the development. None of the 23 firms who have sought licences to operate inthe special economic zone has yet been granted one. Even Joaqun Infante, the 88-year-oldvice-president of the slow-moving National Association of Cuban Economists and Accountants,urges speedier authorisation of investment. We need to be more flexible and take morerisks, he says. 　　但Carlito并未喜出望外而是坐而觀望，他說，建造集裝箱港口的工人的月薪僅為250比索，這相對于扶持起一個搖搖欲墜的城鎮來說無異于杯水車薪，盡管已經有23所公司申請了特別經濟區的經營執照，但無一成功。即使是在步履蹣跚的古巴經濟學家和會計師協會，88歲的副會長也要求對投資盡快審批，他說我們應更加靈活機動，不畏風險。 　　Despite reforms that have brought some big changes to Cuba in the form of privaterestaurants, bed-and-breakfasts and new co-operatives, the economy has virtually ground toa halt. In the first half of the year GDP grew by just 0.6%, leading the government to reduceits estimate for full-year growth to 1.4%. That is lower than the 2.7% annual average figuresince Ral Castro became president in 2008. 　　雖然改革帶來了很大的機遇，古巴迎來了一些私人餐館，住宿早餐包攬的旅館和新的企業，但其經濟發展停滯不前，今年上半年古巴的GDP增長僅為0.6%，這促使政府將全年增長預期調低至1.4%，這比卡斯特羅自2008年上任以來的年均數據2.7%還要低。 　　Investment is the root of the problem. In a report in July, two Cuban economists, OmarEverleny and Ricardo Torres, estimated that the growth in Cuba s capital stock, such asmachinery and buildings, fell to 7.8% of GDP last year, close to its level of 5.4% in 1993when the economy was in serious trouble. From the 20th floor of the Habana Libre, arun-down hotel, not one crane can be seen on the skyline. The economy is screwed, says aHavana-based diplomat. 　　問題的根源在于投資，在7月的一則報告中，兩名古巴經濟學家奧馬爾和里卡多預測諸如在機械和建筑領域的股本下跌至占GDP的7.8%，與1993年該國經濟正處泥潭中的水平基本持平，從哈瓦那棚戶區的一家旅館的20層樓上觀望，目光所及的天際之下，無一架起重機，哈瓦那的一名外交人員說，放眼國家經濟，只讓人眉頭緊鎖 　　Supporters of the regime argue that the reforms simply need more time. A profit-orientedreorganisation of state-owned behemoths, such as the sugar monopoly, could bepromising; it is just that the bureaucrats who run them are slow to change. Critics,however, see a fundamental flaw in the reform model. Although it has sought to givesome people more freedom in what they make and sell, the state keeps a stranglehold on theinputs they need for those businesses, such as seeds for growing crops, or sauces and spicesfor restaurants, or spare parts for taxis. It has cracked down on mules bringing in suchgoods on passenger planes from abroad. 　　政權的支持者說，改革不過是需要更多的時間，以盈利為導向重組例如制糖壟斷的國企大亨前景甚好，只是運營的官僚機構老牛破車，然而，批評人士認為，改革方略中存在根本性漏洞，雖說國家給予了人們制作和銷售的更多的自由，但卻嚴格限制做生意所需原料的進口，如糧食種子，餐館的調味汁和香料或出租車的備件，他也嚴厲打擊用客機從國外偷運這些商品的人。 　　Diplomats say such counter-measures will make it harder for Cuba to attract the 2.5 billionin annual foreign investment that the regime aims for. Some also reckon the financialsqueeze on the island has tightened this year in the wake of the case against BNP Paribas, aFrench bank, for evading American sanctions on doing business with Cuba, among otherplaces. 　　外交人員稱在這些打擊措施下，古巴更難實現年外資吸收達25億美元的目標，一些人估計，對抗法國銀行BNP Paribas事件使得今年的財政困難雪上加霜，該事件是為了躲避美國對其他地區實施的與古巴通商的制裁。 　　That is why Cuba-watchers have paid close attention to the visits of Russia s president,Vladimir Putin, and China s leader, Xi Jinping, in recent weeks. Though both men offered fewconcrete investments in Cuba, they provide an opportunity for the Castro regime to startreducing its dependence on its closest ally, Venezuela, whose pro-Cuba government hasbeen rocked by instability this year. Says Mr Infante: We have to diversify and notdepend on just one partner. He hopes that means more Chinese and Russian investment inMariel. 　　因此，持觀望態度的投資者對近幾周俄羅斯總統普京和中國國家主席習近平的來訪甚為關注，雖說兩人提供的實際投資不過寥寥，但這至少給卡斯特羅政權提供機會，減少對他親密戰友委內瑞拉的依賴程度，但該國支持古巴的政權今年也在動蕩中下臺，infante說，我們應建立多元伙伴關系而不是依靠單獨一個，他希望馬里埃爾港能迎來更多來自中國和俄羅斯的投資。 　　One envoy says the regime also prefers such investments to Western capital because it seesneither China nor Russia as a Trojan horse working towards regime change. A Cubaneconomist sees uncanny parallels with the special terms offered to the Soviet Union in thecold war. The mentality of the decision-makers is to talk to Russia, talk to China, and makethem offers based on politics, he says. But this is the same mentality we had in thepastand it didn t do much for productivity. 　　一位使者稱該政權也希望能給西部首都帶來同樣的投資，因為他認為俄羅斯和中國的投資都不是特洛伊木馬，企圖推動政權更替，一位古巴的經濟學家稱在冷戰期間針對蘇聯的措辭與此如出一轍，不可思議，他說;決策者希望與俄羅斯和中國實現交流，使他們基于政治因素作出投資，但這不過是老調重彈，鮮有成效。 　　Cuba s courtship of Russia is particularly striking: a day after Malaysian Airlines flight MH17was shot down, Fidel Castro publicly blamed Ukraine s government. Such an overtlypro-Russian stance on Ukraine may hinder political negotiations that started this yearbetween Cuba and the EU, diplomats say. It also makes it harder for Barack Obama toimprove America s relations with Cuba, let alone consider an end to the counter-productive54-year-old embargo. Back in Mariel, Carlito wants good relations with everyone, especiallyAmerica. Luckily we Cubans have a lot of patience and patience is good, he says. Without it there s just frustration. 　　古巴對俄羅斯的巴結尤其讓人嗔目結舌，馬航飛機MH17擊落一天后，卡斯特羅便公開譴責烏克蘭政府，外交人員說，它在烏克蘭問題上公開支持俄羅斯的立場可能會影響今年他與歐盟的政治對話，此外，奧巴馬會更不情愿改善兩國關系，更別提結束長達54年的禁運，雖說其效果是適得其反。卡斯特羅希望馬里埃爾能與所有國家建立友好關系，尤其是美國，他說，幸運的是我們古巴人民鍥而不舍，否則便只有槁木死灰。 　　1.resort to 依靠，求助于;訴諸 　　So we have to resort to triggers as in Listing 8. 　　所以我們必須像清單 8 那樣借助于觸發器。 　　Shall we resort to entreaty and humblesupplication? 　　我們應該訴諸和約和卑下的哀求嗎? 　　2.throw at 投向，擲向 　　But others filled bottles with petrol to throw at the police lines. 　　另外一些人則在瓶子里灌上汽油投向警察的警戒線。 　　Whatever humans throw at it, in other words, Earth will fix things in its own time and its ownway. 　　換句話說，不管人們往地球上扔什么，地球都會以自己的節奏和方式將問題解決掉。 　　3.send to 發送到;發送給 　　Many intellectuals and arts like folding fan, and they treat them as gifts to send to theirfriends. 　　許多知識分子和像扇子藝術，和他們對待他們當作禮物發送給他們的朋友。 　　These services create a model that the presentation tier consumes to create a view to sendto a client. 　　這些服務創建一個模型，表示層利用此模型來創建一個發送到客戶機的視圖。