2023考研英語閱讀3D打印

　　3D printing

　　3D打印

　　A new brick in the Great Wall

　　構(gòu)筑長(zhǎng)城的新磚石

　　Additive manufacturing is growing apace in China

　　中國(guó)的疊層制造正在飛速發(fā)展

　　ALTHOUGH it is the weekend, a small factory in the Haidian district of Beijing is hard atwork.

　　雖然是周末，北京海淀區(qū)的一座小型工廠還在努力地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著。

　　Eight machines, the biggest the size of a delivery van, are busy making things.

　　廠里的八臺(tái)機(jī)器正在忙碌地制造產(chǎn)品，最大的機(jī)器有廂式貨車大小。

　　Yet the factory, owned by BeijingLongyuan Automated Fabrication System, appears almost deserted.

　　然而這家隸屬于北京隆源自動(dòng)成型系統(tǒng)有限公司的工廠看上去就像廢棄了一樣。

　　This is because it is using additive-manufacturing machines, popularly known asthree-dimensional printers, which run unattended day and night, seven days a week.

　　這是因?yàn)楣S使用的是疊層制造設(shè)備，即廣為人知的三維打印機(jī)，可以一周七天，不分晝夜的無人化運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　The printers require an occasional visit from a supervisor to top them up with the powderedmaterials they use as their inks, or to remove a completed item, but apart from that theycan be left on their own.

　　這些打印機(jī)需要管理員不定期的來為其加滿粉末狀原料，作為它們的墨水，或者取走完成的物品，但除此之外，這些打印機(jī)可以自行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　They build up the objects they are making one layer at a time, as the ink is sintered intoplace with a laser in a way that creates little waste and can make shapes impossible toachieve using the traditional subtractive technology of lathes, milling machines and cuttingtools.

　　它們一次一層的逐步構(gòu)造物品，用激光以一種不會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么廢料的方式將墨水在適當(dāng)位置燒結(jié)，可以做出采用傳統(tǒng)削減技術(shù)的車床、銑床、刀具不可能做出的形狀。

　　Though it is not yet ready for use in mass production, 3D printing is excellent for makingprototypes, customised jobs and short production runs, for there is no need to retool eachtime the specification changes.

　　雖然3D打印目前不能用于大批量生產(chǎn)，但3D打印非常適用于制造原型件，定制加工及小批量生產(chǎn)，因?yàn)楦淖円?guī)格時(shí)不需要每次都更換刀具，

　　All that need be done is to alter the software that controls the print heads.

　　需要的只是更改控制打印頭的軟件而已。

　　Western countries led the development of 3D printing, and the technique has been praisedby Barack Obama as a way to revive America s manufacturing industries.

　　西方國(guó)家引領(lǐng)了3D打印的發(fā)展，該技術(shù)還被巴拉克奧巴馬譽(yù)為復(fù)興美國(guó)制造業(yè)的一種途徑。

　　It may yet do so.

　　3D打印或許能不負(fù)所望。

　　But the extent to which that revival will be brought about by the return to America ofproduction which has migrated to countries like China is harder to predictfor China hasplans of its own.

　　讓以前轉(zhuǎn)移到像中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品回到美國(guó)生產(chǎn)會(huì)帶來復(fù)興，但復(fù)興的程度更難預(yù)料因?yàn)橹袊?guó)也有自己的計(jì)劃。

　　Keep your powder dry

　　做好一切準(zhǔn)備

　　At the moment AFS is in the prototyping business.

　　目前AFS從事的是原型設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，

　　Its customers are mainly aerospace firms and vehicle-makers that need experimentaldesigns turned into metal quickly.

　　其客戶大多是需要將實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)快速轉(zhuǎn)化為金屬實(shí)樣的航空公司及汽車制造商。

　　The powders in its machines hoppers are plastics, waxes and foundry sand.

　　其設(shè)備料斗中的粉末是塑料，蠟及鑄造用砂。

　　The results are sent off to foundries, where they are used to make moulds for thesand-casting of metal objects.

　　完成品送到鑄造廠，用來制作金屬件砂模鑄造用的模具。

　　According to William Zeng, AFS s deputy general manager, all the parts needed to make aprototype car engine can be printed and cast in this way in under two weeks.

　　據(jù)AFS的副總經(jīng)理William Zeng稱，制作一個(gè)汽車引擎原型所需的全部零件均可以這種方式打印并鑄造，用時(shí)不到兩周，

　　A conventional machine shop would need several months to do thatnot least becausemany of the components would have to be made by hand.

　　而傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)工車間需要數(shù)月時(shí)間才能做到主要是因?yàn)樵S多組件需要手工制作。

　　AFS also has a second line of business. It sells the laser-sintering printers it makes to others,for this is a rapidly growing industry.

　　AFS還有一塊副營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)，即將其制造的激光燒結(jié)打印機(jī)出售給其它公司，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)飛速增長(zhǎng)的行業(yè)。

　　And some of its machines, which cost up to 1.5m yuan, can do more than just sinter plastics,wax and sand; they can sinter metals directly.

　　其某些設(shè)備的售價(jià)高達(dá)150萬元人民幣，不只可以燒結(jié)塑料，蠟和砂子，還可以直接燒結(jié)金屬。

　　Indeed, one of the country s largest 3D printers does just this.

　　實(shí)際上，中國(guó)最大的3D打印機(jī)也有此功能。

　　It is 12 metres long and it belongs to the National Laboratory for Aeronautics and Astronauticsat Beihang University.

　　該設(shè)備長(zhǎng)12米，擁有者是北京航空航天大學(xué)的航空航天國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

　　Wang Huaming, the laboratory s chief scientist, told a digital-manufacturing seminarorganised recently by the Laboratory of High Performance Computing, a governmentresearch institute, that this behemoth is being employed to make large and complex partsfor China s commercial-aircraft programme, which plans to build planes to rival thoseturned out by Airbus and Boeing.

　　該實(shí)驗(yàn)室的首席科學(xué)家王華明最近在一次由高性能計(jì)算實(shí)驗(yàn)室組織的數(shù)字制造研討會(huì)上說，這個(gè)大家伙是為中國(guó)的商用飛機(jī)項(xiàng)目制造大型復(fù)雜部件的，該項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃制造出可以與空客和波音制造的飛機(jī)匹敵的飛機(jī)。

　　These parts include titanium fuselage frames and high-strength steel landing-gearobjectsthat require the metal they are made from to be free of flaws which might cause them to fail.

　　這些部件包括鈦機(jī)身骨架及高強(qiáng)鋼起落架，制造這些部件所用的金屬要求沒有任何瑕疵，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致部件無法使用。

　　Printing such things, rather than making them from precast metal, will be a technical tourde force, and Dr Wang s team is therefore working on the tricky problem of controlling therecrystallisation of metals after they have been melted by the laser.

　　打印這些部件，而不用預(yù)制金屬制作，將會(huì)是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)絕活，因此王博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在致力解決的棘手問題是激光將金屬熔化后對(duì)金屬重結(jié)晶的控制。

　　Making planes is about as high-tech as mechanical engineering gets.

　　制造飛機(jī)算是機(jī)械工程中的高科技。

　　But 3D printing in China is also busy at the other end of the market: extruding filaments ofmolten plastic to build up objects such as toys, mobile-phone cases and car fittings.

　　但是3D打印在中國(guó)還廣泛應(yīng)用于其他市場(chǎng)：擠出熔融塑料的細(xì)絲來逐步構(gòu)造出如玩具，手機(jī)殼及汽車配件等物品。

　　One of the biggest firms in this field is Tiertime, which operates from Huairou on theoutskirts of Beijing.

　　位于北京市郊懷柔區(qū)的太爾時(shí)代是該領(lǐng)域最大的公司之一。

　　Tiertime makes a range of 3D printers that produce objects from polymeric alloys ofacrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.

　　太爾時(shí)代生產(chǎn)一系列3D打印機(jī)，可以用丙烯腈，丁二烯和苯乙烯的聚合物合金制作物品。

　　Tiertime s printers are also often used in the prototyping business, but unlike those of AFSthey sit in designers offices rather than on factory floors.

　　太爾時(shí)代的打印機(jī)也常用于原型設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，但與AFS的設(shè)備不同，太爾時(shí)代的設(shè)備是置于設(shè)計(jì)師的辦公室，而非工廠的車間里。

　　Some are small enough to sit on a desk.

　　有的設(shè)備小到可以放在桌子上。

　　They allow people to print their ideas directly, rather than having to.

　　這讓人們可以直接將自己的創(chuàng)意打印出來，而不用將創(chuàng)意發(fā)出去讓別人制作。

　　The company also makes even smaller printers, called UP, which sell for less than 6,000yuan.

　　太爾時(shí)代甚至還可以制造更小的打印機(jī)，叫做UP，售價(jià)不到6000元人民幣。

　　Personal printers like these are helping to create a Chinese version of the makermovementa mixture of hobbyists and craft producers who, finding that 3D-printingtechnology greatly lowers the cost of going into production, are creating small manufacturingbusinesses.

　　類似UP的個(gè)人打印機(jī)正在促進(jìn)中國(guó)版創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)的形成，即一批發(fā)現(xiàn)3D打印技術(shù)極大的降低了投產(chǎn)成本的業(yè)余愛好者及工藝品制造者正在紛紛建立小型制造企業(yè)。

　　The maker movement began in America, but it is taking off in China too.

　　創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)始于美國(guó)，但在中國(guó)的創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)也在迅速發(fā)展。

　　Maker fairs are now being held in some of the big cities. Officials seem happy to encouragethis, and some talk of introducing 3D printers into schools, to spark pupils interest in careersin engineering.

　　某些大城市現(xiàn)在正在舉辦創(chuàng)客展會(huì)。官方似乎樂于支持創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)，某些官員談及將3D打印機(jī)引入學(xué)校，激發(fā)學(xué)生從事工程職業(yè)的興趣。

　　3D printing is still a long way from replacing mass manufacturing. But in China, as in Americaand Europe, the technology is changing the way products are developed and made.

　　3D打印要想取代大批量生產(chǎn)還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走。但在中國(guó)，與在美國(guó)和歐洲一樣，該技術(shù)正在改變開發(fā)和制造產(chǎn)品的方式。

　　And by lowering the cost of entry, 3D printing could herald yet another new generation ofChinese manufacturing entrepreneurs.

　　通過降低成本門檻，3D打印或許能創(chuàng)造出新一代的中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)家。

　　詞語解釋

　　1.delivery van 廂式送貨車，送貨車

　　You stole a floral delivery van?

　　你把一車花都偷來了?

　　Minneapolis moline international delivery vantruck.

　　明尼阿波利斯莫林國(guó)際卡車送貨車。

　　2.apart from 脫離;除此之外

　　Ms. mayer faces plenty of management challenges apart from the pregnancy.

　　除懷孕外，梅耶爾還在管理上面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。

　　Apart from their direct costs, loan guarantees have other damaging effects.

　　除直接成本之外，貸款擔(dān)保還有其他的不良影響。

　　3.build up 逐步建立;增進(jìn)

　　The regime built up the largest army in Africa.

　　該政權(quán)逐漸建立起一支非洲規(guī)模最大的軍隊(duì)。

　　The collection has been built up over the last seventeen years.

　　在過去的17年中，收藏的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。

　　4.turn into 變成;成為

　　Could all of this really turn into a full-fledged crisis?

　　所有這一切真的會(huì)變成一場(chǎng)完全的危機(jī)?

　　Could 2010 turn into 1994 or 2004 for the markets?

　　2010年的市場(chǎng)會(huì)變成1994或2004年的市場(chǎng)嗎?

　　3D printing

　　3D打印

　　A new brick in the Great Wall

　　構(gòu)筑長(zhǎng)城的新磚石

　　Additive manufacturing is growing apace in China

　　中國(guó)的疊層制造正在飛速發(fā)展

　　ALTHOUGH it is the weekend, a small factory in the Haidian district of Beijing is hard atwork.

　　雖然是周末，北京海淀區(qū)的一座小型工廠還在努力地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)著。

　　Eight machines, the biggest the size of a delivery van, are busy making things.

　　廠里的八臺(tái)機(jī)器正在忙碌地制造產(chǎn)品，最大的機(jī)器有廂式貨車大小。

　　Yet the factory, owned by BeijingLongyuan Automated Fabrication System, appears almost deserted.

　　然而這家隸屬于北京隆源自動(dòng)成型系統(tǒng)有限公司的工廠看上去就像廢棄了一樣。

　　This is because it is using additive-manufacturing machines, popularly known asthree-dimensional printers, which run unattended day and night, seven days a week.

　　這是因?yàn)楣S使用的是疊層制造設(shè)備，即廣為人知的三維打印機(jī)，可以一周七天，不分晝夜的無人化運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　The printers require an occasional visit from a supervisor to top them up with the powderedmaterials they use as their inks, or to remove a completed item, but apart from that theycan be left on their own.

　　這些打印機(jī)需要管理員不定期的來為其加滿粉末狀原料，作為它們的墨水，或者取走完成的物品，但除此之外，這些打印機(jī)可以自行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

　　They build up the objects they are making one layer at a time, as the ink is sintered intoplace with a laser in a way that creates little waste and can make shapes impossible toachieve using the traditional subtractive technology of lathes, milling machines and cuttingtools.

　　它們一次一層的逐步構(gòu)造物品，用激光以一種不會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么廢料的方式將墨水在適當(dāng)位置燒結(jié)，可以做出采用傳統(tǒng)削減技術(shù)的車床、銑床、刀具不可能做出的形狀。

　　Though it is not yet ready for use in mass production, 3D printing is excellent for makingprototypes, customised jobs and short production runs, for there is no need to retool eachtime the specification changes.

　　雖然3D打印目前不能用于大批量生產(chǎn)，但3D打印非常適用于制造原型件，定制加工及小批量生產(chǎn)，因?yàn)楦淖円?guī)格時(shí)不需要每次都更換刀具，

　　All that need be done is to alter the software that controls the print heads.

　　需要的只是更改控制打印頭的軟件而已。

　　Western countries led the development of 3D printing, and the technique has been praisedby Barack Obama as a way to revive America s manufacturing industries.

　　西方國(guó)家引領(lǐng)了3D打印的發(fā)展，該技術(shù)還被巴拉克奧巴馬譽(yù)為復(fù)興美國(guó)制造業(yè)的一種途徑。

　　It may yet do so.

　　3D打印或許能不負(fù)所望。

　　But the extent to which that revival will be brought about by the return to America ofproduction which has migrated to countries like China is harder to predictfor China hasplans of its own.

　　讓以前轉(zhuǎn)移到像中國(guó)這樣的國(guó)家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品回到美國(guó)生產(chǎn)會(huì)帶來復(fù)興，但復(fù)興的程度更難預(yù)料因?yàn)橹袊?guó)也有自己的計(jì)劃。

　　Keep your powder dry

　　做好一切準(zhǔn)備

　　At the moment AFS is in the prototyping business.

　　目前AFS從事的是原型設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，

　　Its customers are mainly aerospace firms and vehicle-makers that need experimentaldesigns turned into metal quickly.

　　其客戶大多是需要將實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)快速轉(zhuǎn)化為金屬實(shí)樣的航空公司及汽車制造商。

　　The powders in its machines hoppers are plastics, waxes and foundry sand.

　　其設(shè)備料斗中的粉末是塑料，蠟及鑄造用砂。

　　The results are sent off to foundries, where they are used to make moulds for thesand-casting of metal objects.

　　完成品送到鑄造廠，用來制作金屬件砂模鑄造用的模具。

　　According to William Zeng, AFS s deputy general manager, all the parts needed to make aprototype car engine can be printed and cast in this way in under two weeks.

　　據(jù)AFS的副總經(jīng)理William Zeng稱，制作一個(gè)汽車引擎原型所需的全部零件均可以這種方式打印并鑄造，用時(shí)不到兩周，

　　A conventional machine shop would need several months to do thatnot least becausemany of the components would have to be made by hand.

　　而傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)工車間需要數(shù)月時(shí)間才能做到主要是因?yàn)樵S多組件需要手工制作。

　　AFS also has a second line of business. It sells the laser-sintering printers it makes to others,for this is a rapidly growing industry.

　　AFS還有一塊副營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)，即將其制造的激光燒結(jié)打印機(jī)出售給其它公司，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)飛速增長(zhǎng)的行業(yè)。

　　And some of its machines, which cost up to 1.5m yuan, can do more than just sinter plastics,wax and sand; they can sinter metals directly.

　　其某些設(shè)備的售價(jià)高達(dá)150萬元人民幣，不只可以燒結(jié)塑料，蠟和砂子，還可以直接燒結(jié)金屬。

　　Indeed, one of the country s largest 3D printers does just this.

　　實(shí)際上，中國(guó)最大的3D打印機(jī)也有此功能。

　　It is 12 metres long and it belongs to the National Laboratory for Aeronautics and Astronauticsat Beihang University.

　　該設(shè)備長(zhǎng)12米，擁有者是北京航空航天大學(xué)的航空航天國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

　　Wang Huaming, the laboratory s chief scientist, told a digital-manufacturing seminarorganised recently by the Laboratory of High Performance Computing, a governmentresearch institute, that this behemoth is being employed to make large and complex partsfor China s commercial-aircraft programme, which plans to build planes to rival thoseturned out by Airbus and Boeing.

　　該實(shí)驗(yàn)室的首席科學(xué)家王華明最近在一次由高性能計(jì)算實(shí)驗(yàn)室組織的數(shù)字制造研討會(huì)上說，這個(gè)大家伙是為中國(guó)的商用飛機(jī)項(xiàng)目制造大型復(fù)雜部件的，該項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃制造出可以與空客和波音制造的飛機(jī)匹敵的飛機(jī)。

　　These parts include titanium fuselage frames and high-strength steel landing-gearobjectsthat require the metal they are made from to be free of flaws which might cause them to fail.

　　這些部件包括鈦機(jī)身骨架及高強(qiáng)鋼起落架，制造這些部件所用的金屬要求沒有任何瑕疵，否則會(huì)導(dǎo)致部件無法使用。

　　Printing such things, rather than making them from precast metal, will be a technical tourde force, and Dr Wang s team is therefore working on the tricky problem of controlling therecrystallisation of metals after they have been melted by the laser.

　　打印這些部件，而不用預(yù)制金屬制作，將會(huì)是一項(xiàng)技術(shù)絕活，因此王博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)正在致力解決的棘手問題是激光將金屬熔化后對(duì)金屬重結(jié)晶的控制。

　　Making planes is about as high-tech as mechanical engineering gets.

　　制造飛機(jī)算是機(jī)械工程中的高科技。

　　But 3D printing in China is also busy at the other end of the market: extruding filaments ofmolten plastic to build up objects such as toys, mobile-phone cases and car fittings.

　　但是3D打印在中國(guó)還廣泛應(yīng)用于其他市場(chǎng)：擠出熔融塑料的細(xì)絲來逐步構(gòu)造出如玩具，手機(jī)殼及汽車配件等物品。

　　One of the biggest firms in this field is Tiertime, which operates from Huairou on theoutskirts of Beijing.

　　位于北京市郊懷柔區(qū)的太爾時(shí)代是該領(lǐng)域最大的公司之一。

　　Tiertime makes a range of 3D printers that produce objects from polymeric alloys ofacrylonitrile, butadiene and styrene.

　　太爾時(shí)代生產(chǎn)一系列3D打印機(jī)，可以用丙烯腈，丁二烯和苯乙烯的聚合物合金制作物品。

　　Tiertime s printers are also often used in the prototyping business, but unlike those of AFSthey sit in designers offices rather than on factory floors.

　　太爾時(shí)代的打印機(jī)也常用于原型設(shè)計(jì)業(yè)務(wù)，但與AFS的設(shè)備不同，太爾時(shí)代的設(shè)備是置于設(shè)計(jì)師的辦公室，而非工廠的車間里。

　　Some are small enough to sit on a desk.

　　有的設(shè)備小到可以放在桌子上。

　　They allow people to print their ideas directly, rather than having to.

　　這讓人們可以直接將自己的創(chuàng)意打印出來，而不用將創(chuàng)意發(fā)出去讓別人制作。

　　The company also makes even smaller printers, called UP, which sell for less than 6,000yuan.

　　太爾時(shí)代甚至還可以制造更小的打印機(jī)，叫做UP，售價(jià)不到6000元人民幣。

　　Personal printers like these are helping to create a Chinese version of the makermovementa mixture of hobbyists and craft producers who, finding that 3D-printingtechnology greatly lowers the cost of going into production, are creating small manufacturingbusinesses.

　　類似UP的個(gè)人打印機(jī)正在促進(jìn)中國(guó)版創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)的形成，即一批發(fā)現(xiàn)3D打印技術(shù)極大的降低了投產(chǎn)成本的業(yè)余愛好者及工藝品制造者正在紛紛建立小型制造企業(yè)。

　　The maker movement began in America, but it is taking off in China too.

　　創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)始于美國(guó)，但在中國(guó)的創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)也在迅速發(fā)展。

　　Maker fairs are now being held in some of the big cities. Officials seem happy to encouragethis, and some talk of introducing 3D printers into schools, to spark pupils interest in careersin engineering.

　　某些大城市現(xiàn)在正在舉辦創(chuàng)客展會(huì)。官方似乎樂于支持創(chuàng)客運(yùn)動(dòng)，某些官員談及將3D打印機(jī)引入學(xué)校，激發(fā)學(xué)生從事工程職業(yè)的興趣。

　　3D printing is still a long way from replacing mass manufacturing. But in China, as in Americaand Europe, the technology is changing the way products are developed and made.

　　3D打印要想取代大批量生產(chǎn)還有很長(zhǎng)一段路要走。但在中國(guó)，與在美國(guó)和歐洲一樣，該技術(shù)正在改變開發(fā)和制造產(chǎn)品的方式。

　　And by lowering the cost of entry, 3D printing could herald yet another new generation ofChinese manufacturing entrepreneurs.

　　通過降低成本門檻，3D打印或許能創(chuàng)造出新一代的中國(guó)制造業(yè)企業(yè)家。

　　詞語解釋

　　1.delivery van 廂式送貨車，送貨車

　　You stole a floral delivery van?

　　你把一車花都偷來了?

　　Minneapolis moline international delivery vantruck.

　　明尼阿波利斯莫林國(guó)際卡車送貨車。

　　2.apart from 脫離;除此之外

　　Ms. mayer faces plenty of management challenges apart from the pregnancy.

　　除懷孕外，梅耶爾還在管理上面臨很多挑戰(zhàn)。

　　Apart from their direct costs, loan guarantees have other damaging effects.

　　除直接成本之外，貸款擔(dān)保還有其他的不良影響。

　　3.build up 逐步建立;增進(jìn)

　　The regime built up the largest army in Africa.

　　該政權(quán)逐漸建立起一支非洲規(guī)模最大的軍隊(duì)。

　　The collection has been built up over the last seventeen years.

　　在過去的17年中，收藏的規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大。

　　4.turn into 變成;成為

　　Could all of this really turn into a full-fledged crisis?

　　所有這一切真的會(huì)變成一場(chǎng)完全的危機(jī)?

　　Could 2010 turn into 1994 or 2004 for the markets?

　　2010年的市場(chǎng)會(huì)變成1994或2004年的市場(chǎng)嗎?