攻克大學英語四級：閱讀篇第5天詞義題

　　unit 1 總論Day 5

　　題型及應對策略四(詞義題)

　　有些問題是對于文章中的單詞進行提問，即詞義題。

　　詞義題的題目形式有：

　　The word...in the first paragraph most probably means _____.

　　What is the meaning of ...?

　　By ...the author refers to _____.

　　The expression ...can be replaced by _____.

　　詞義題有兩種情況：

　　1)超綱詞匯。出題老師故意給出難詞，要求同學們運用上下文各種信息找到意思。如 accentuate ， cushion 等。

　　2)熟詞生義。有些詞同學們知道常用意思，但在文章中的意思就不一定了解。如 official ， community 等。

　　解題時有六大技巧幫助我們：

　　1)下定義(Definition)：即在一個生詞后面給出它的定義，我們從定義就可以容易地找出生詞的意思。

　　He takes a special interest in botany the study of plants.

　　從破折號后面的注釋我們知道 botany 意思為 植物學 。

　　2)重述(Restatement)：在生詞后面用一句話或一個短語從另外一個角度解釋一下這個詞。

　　He is very fastidious. It is extremely hard to please and satisfy him.(挑剔的)

　　The word provincial most probably means _____.

　　A) limited in outlook

　　B) like people from the provinces

　　C) rigid in thinking

　　D) interested in world financial affairs

　　First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.

　　【解析】從 provincial 后面的部分可知，美國人對于地方事務更感興趣，比如對于世界地理的知識的了解在美國從來就不是很強。那么 provincial 最可能指美國人視野狹隘，答案為A)。

　　3)相關信息(Related information)：用上下文的相關信息猜出生詞的含義。

　　The word they in ...together they threaten to confuse refers to _____.

　　A) practicality and rationality

　　B) engineering and the liberal arts

　　C) reality and noble ideals

　　D) flexibility and a value system

　　The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse.

　　【解析】從第一句話可知， they 指的是 engineering and the liberal arts ，即工科和文科。答案為B)。

　　4)舉例(Exemplification)：即在生詞后面用一個例子加以解釋，我們從例子的含義可以推知生詞的意思。

　　The author mentions the example of backpacks to show the importance of __________.

　　A) increasing usage among students

　　B) exploring new market sections

　　C) pleasing the young as well as the old

　　D) serving both military and civil needs

　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

　　【解析】文章提到后肩背包的例子是為了說明 market modification 和 marketing managers look for new users and market sections 。所以答案應為B)。

　　5)比較與對比。

　　例一

　　Nowadays some young people are not thrifty, since they often waste money on useless things.

　　用對比法可知 thrifty 表示 節儉的 。

　　例二

　　So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

　　Q: The word scrutiny most probably means ______ .

　　A) suspicion B) control

　　C) observation D) inquiry

　　【題目譯文】 Scrutiny 最可能表示_______。

　　【答案解析】C。本題難度很大，在考試時絕大部分考生都做錯了。需要結合第二和第三段用對比法做出。第二段最后一句話說： 教是一種公開的活動：可以看到和觀察到 ，而第三段第二句話說： 學習閱讀似乎完全是私人的，因為學習是使用大腦，而且此過程對于公眾的_______不公開 。我們知道 public 和 private 是反義詞，所以此處的 scrutiny 應該等于 observation 。

　　6)構詞法：有時我們知道這個生詞的詞根，前綴或者后綴，就可以猜出詞的意思。

　　Q: The word provincial most probably means _____.

　　A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces

　　C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs

　　First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.

　　【解析】 Provincial 的詞根為 province ，表示 省 ，所以 provincial 指 首都以外各地的 ，推測可知意思是 目光狹隘的，無知的 。

　　unit 1 總論Day 5

　　題型及應對策略四(詞義題)

　　有些問題是對于文章中的單詞進行提問，即詞義題。

　　詞義題的題目形式有：

　　The word...in the first paragraph most probably means _____.

　　What is the meaning of ...?

　　By ...the author refers to _____.

　　The expression ...can be replaced by _____.

　　詞義題有兩種情況：

　　1)超綱詞匯。出題老師故意給出難詞，要求同學們運用上下文各種信息找到意思。如 accentuate ， cushion 等。

　　2)熟詞生義。有些詞同學們知道常用意思，但在文章中的意思就不一定了解。如 official ， community 等。

　　解題時有六大技巧幫助我們：

　　1)下定義(Definition)：即在一個生詞后面給出它的定義，我們從定義就可以容易地找出生詞的意思。

　　He takes a special interest in botany the study of plants.

　　從破折號后面的注釋我們知道 botany 意思為 植物學 。

　　2)重述(Restatement)：在生詞后面用一句話或一個短語從另外一個角度解釋一下這個詞。

　　He is very fastidious. It is extremely hard to please and satisfy him.(挑剔的)

　　The word provincial most probably means _____.

　　A) limited in outlook

　　B) like people from the provinces

　　C) rigid in thinking

　　D) interested in world financial affairs

　　First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.

　　【解析】從 provincial 后面的部分可知，美國人對于地方事務更感興趣，比如對于世界地理的知識的了解在美國從來就不是很強。那么 provincial 最可能指美國人視野狹隘，答案為A)。

　　3)相關信息(Related information)：用上下文的相關信息猜出生詞的含義。

　　The word they in ...together they threaten to confuse refers to _____.

　　A) practicality and rationality

　　B) engineering and the liberal arts

　　C) reality and noble ideals

　　D) flexibility and a value system

　　The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse.

　　【解析】從第一句話可知， they 指的是 engineering and the liberal arts ，即工科和文科。答案為B)。

　　4)舉例(Exemplification)：即在生詞后面用一個例子加以解釋，我們從例子的含義可以推知生詞的意思。

　　The author mentions the example of backpacks to show the importance of __________.

　　A) increasing usage among students

　　B) exploring new market sections

　　C) pleasing the young as well as the old

　　D) serving both military and civil needs

　　The importance of the product life cycle to marketers is this: Different stages in the product life cycle call for different strategies. The goal is to extend product life so that sales and profits do not decline. One strategy is called market modification. It means that marketing managers look for new users and market sections. Did you know, for example, that the backpacks that so many students carry today were originally designed for the military?

　　【解析】文章提到后肩背包的例子是為了說明 market modification 和 marketing managers look for new users and market sections 。所以答案應為B)。

　　5)比較與對比。

　　例一

　　Nowadays some young people are not thrifty, since they often waste money on useless things.

　　用對比法可知 thrifty 表示 節儉的 。

　　例二

　　So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest(探索)for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.

　　Q: The word scrutiny most probably means ______ .

　　A) suspicion B) control

　　C) observation D) inquiry

　　【題目譯文】 Scrutiny 最可能表示_______。

　　【答案解析】C。本題難度很大，在考試時絕大部分考生都做錯了。需要結合第二和第三段用對比法做出。第二段最后一句話說： 教是一種公開的活動：可以看到和觀察到 ，而第三段第二句話說： 學習閱讀似乎完全是私人的，因為學習是使用大腦，而且此過程對于公眾的_______不公開 。我們知道 public 和 private 是反義詞，所以此處的 scrutiny 應該等于 observation 。

　　6)構詞法：有時我們知道這個生詞的詞根，前綴或者后綴，就可以猜出詞的意思。

　　Q: The word provincial most probably means _____.

　　A) limited in outlook B) like people from the provinces

　　C) rigid in thinking D) interested in world financial affairs

　　First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country.

　　【解析】 Provincial 的詞根為 province ，表示 省 ，所以 provincial 指 首都以外各地的 ，推測可知意思是 目光狹隘的，無知的 。