關系代詞which,that,who的區別
which VS that
which和that都可指代物，有時候可以互換，有時卻是“水火不容”：
一、只用that不能用which的情況：
(1)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時：
The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.
我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。
(2)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時：
Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎?
(3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時：
This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。
(3)先行詞里同時含有人和物時：
I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
(4)避免重復：
Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?
(5)主句是there be結構：
There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。
二、只用which，而不用that的情況：
(1)先行詞為that/ those時：
What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
(2)關系代詞前有介詞時：
This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。
(3)引導非限制性定語從句：
Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過了考試，這使我們很驚訝。
that VS who
兩者均可指人，有時可互換：
All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。
He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。
一、只用that不能用who的情況：
(1)當先行詞指人又指物時：
I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。
(2)避免重復：：
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?
(3)當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略)：
Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那個樣子了。
二、只用who不能用that的情況:
(1)先行詞為one、ones或anyone ：
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。
(2)先行詞為those且指人 ：
Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。
(3)在there be開頭的句子中：
There is a student who wants to see you.
(4)避免重復：
Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個男孩是誰?
(5)在非限制性定語從句中:
I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.
which VS that
which和that都可指代物，有時候可以互換，有時卻是“水火不容”：
一、只用that不能用which的情況：
(1)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時：
The most important thing that we should do is to study hard.
我們要做的最重要的事情就是努力學習。
(2)被修飾的先行詞為all/ any/ much/ many/ everything/ anything/ none/the one等不定代詞時：
Is there any thing that you want to buy?你有什么東西要買嗎?
(3)先行詞被the only/ the very/ the same/the last/ little/ few等詞修飾時：
This is the same book that I lost.這就是我丟的那本書。
(3)先行詞里同時含有人和物時：
I can remember the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
(4)避免重復：
Which is the pen that belongs to you?哪支筆是你的?
(5)主句是there be結構：
There is a pen on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上那支筆是湯姆的。
二、只用which，而不用that的情況：
(1)先行詞為that/ those時：
What’s that which is under the desk?在桌子底下的那些東西是什么?
(2)關系代詞前有介詞時：
This is the city in which he lives.這是他生活的城市。
(3)引導非限制性定語從句：
Tom passed the exam, which made us surprised.湯姆通過了考試，這使我們很驚訝。
that VS who
兩者均可指人，有時可互換：
All that /who heard the news were sad. 所有聽到消息的人都很傷心。
He is the only one among us that/ who knows Spanish.他是我們中間唯一懂西班牙語的人。
一、只用that不能用who的情況：
(1)當先行詞指人又指物時：
I remember the persons and pictures that I saw in the museum. 我記得在博物館看到的那些人和圖片。
(2)避免重復：：
Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 誰贏得了1982年的世界杯?
(3)當關系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(可省略)：
Jack is not the boy (that) he was ten years ago.杰克不再是十年前那個樣子了。
二、只用who不能用that的情況:
(1)先行詞為one、ones或anyone ：
Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 所有違法的人都該受到懲罰。
(2)先行詞為those且指人 ：
Those who break the law will be punished. 違法的那些人都會受到懲罰。
(3)在there be開頭的句子中：
There is a student who wants to see you.
(4)避免重復：
Who is the boy that is writing?正在寫字的那個男孩是誰?
(5)在非限制性定語從句中:
I have a good friend, who comes from the USA.
