如何提高閱讀技巧？
1. Forget what you know about reading.
將你對閱讀的一切認(rèn)知都拋開
Did you ever wonder why teachers teach the SQ3R strategy? That strategy requires that you read a text more than one time and that you question what you read. The truth is, you should never read a school book or article one time! There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine.
You’ll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic. That is, if you want to earn a good grade!
你有沒有好奇過為什么老師會講SQ3R 方法（Survey，Question，Read，Recite，Review）呢？該方法要求你將一篇文本多讀幾次，并對閱讀的內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑。而真相是，你一次都沒有讀過課本或文章！為了獲得樂趣，或者學(xué)習(xí)知識而閱讀也有正確的方法。你可以純粹為了樂趣將一本書讀一遍。那么你會從閱讀中得到所有你需要的，即樂趣。但是，如果以同樣的方法來對待學(xué)術(shù)閱讀則是有危害的。為了閱讀或理解課內(nèi)書籍或文章，你需要更加集中注意力且采用策略。也就是說，如果你想獲得好成績的話！
2. Understand genres and themes.
了解體裁和主題
In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text. Here’s an passage to clarify this point:
在大多數(shù)的閱讀測試中，學(xué)生們會被要求閱讀一段文章，并預(yù)測接下來的內(nèi)容是什么。預(yù)測是一種常見的閱讀理解模式，該模式的目的是確保你可以從文章中的線索里推斷出信息。這里有一段文章可以對這一點作出解釋：
Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.
克拉拉抓住了沉重的玻璃水罐的把手，將它從冰箱擱板上拿下來，她不明白為什么媽媽覺得她太小，不能自己給自己倒果汁。她小心翼翼地往后挪，冰箱門上的橡膠密封圈碰到了玻璃水罐的邊緣處。克拉拉眼睜睜看著水罐摔了個粉碎，又看到了媽媽的身影出現(xiàn)在廚房門口。
So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on.
所以，你認(rèn)為接下來會發(fā)生什么呢？我們可以猜猜看，克拉拉的媽媽是勃然大怒呢，還是忍俊不禁呢。兩個答案都有可能，因為我們獲取的信息量太少了。
But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, you'd make a very different prediction.
但是，如果我告訴你這段話摘自一篇驚險小說，這個事實可能就會影響你的答案了。同樣地，如果我告訴你這段話摘自一篇喜劇小說，你又會作出一個截然不同的預(yù)測。
It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading, whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.
了解你所閱讀的文本的體裁十分重要，不管它是不是小說。了解一本書的體裁能夠幫助你對情節(jié)作出預(yù)測，從而也幫助你理解故事情節(jié)。
3. Read with tools.
在工具的輔助下閱讀
Any time you read to learn (and not for pleasure), you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.
當(dāng)你為了學(xué)習(xí)知識而閱讀時，（并非為了樂趣），你就應(yīng)該使用積極的閱讀技巧。閱讀時使用的工具也是有好有壞。
A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text.
鉛筆是一個好的工具。你可以用鉛筆在文章邊緣做注釋，就不會對文本造成任何不可復(fù)原的毀壞。
Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read.
還有一個好工具是一包便利貼。用便利貼來記錄你在閱讀中的想法，印象，預(yù)測和問題。
A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished anything significant by doing so.
另一方面，熒光筆是一個糟糕的工具。它不僅使你在作記號時給書本造成破壞，也會讓你產(chǎn)生這樣做就能完成所有重要的事的錯覺。
The only thing you accomplish by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it, you must indicate why it impresses you. Otherwise, you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.
你用熒光筆唯一可以完成的就是給你想要在此閱讀的段落做上標(biāo)記。但是，如果一篇文章已經(jīng)給你留下了足夠深刻的印象，你就要標(biāo)注上該文章打動你的原因。否則，你就只能倒回去閱讀單個的句子，并且試著記住其重要性的原因。
4. Analyze the title (and subtitles).
分析標(biāo)題（及副標(biāo)題）
If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing.
如果你很好奇為什么我會把關(guān)于標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容放在最后說，我可以告訴你一個充分的理由。標(biāo)題通常是作者在完成寫作后最后進行調(diào)整的部分。
A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations galore.
作者在一篇文章或一本書會花費大量的心血，而且作者通常會使用和優(yōu)秀的讀者一樣的許多策略。作者們將文本進行編輯，并確定主題，作出預(yù)測，并做上大量的注釋。
Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process.
許多作者會對這個充滿創(chuàng)意的過程的迂回曲折感到驚訝不已。
This is why, once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.
這就是為什么當(dāng)一篇文章完成后，作者會把反映真實信息或目標(biāo)作為最后一步，然后想出一個新標(biāo)題的原因。這意味著你可以把標(biāo)題做為幫助你理解信息或文章目的的線索。
1. Forget what you know about reading.
將你對閱讀的一切認(rèn)知都拋開
Did you ever wonder why teachers teach the SQ3R strategy? That strategy requires that you read a text more than one time and that you question what you read. The truth is, you should never read a school book or article one time! There is a right way to read a book for pleasure, and a right way to read a book for learning. You can read a book for pleasure one time through and be just fine.
You’ll get all you need out of that one reading—which is pleasure. However, it is harmful to assume that you should approach academic reading the same way. In order to read and comprehend a book or article for school, you need to be much more intentional and strategic. That is, if you want to earn a good grade!
你有沒有好奇過為什么老師會講SQ3R 方法（Survey，Question，Read，Recite，Review）呢？該方法要求你將一篇文本多讀幾次，并對閱讀的內(nèi)容質(zhì)疑。而真相是，你一次都沒有讀過課本或文章！為了獲得樂趣，或者學(xué)習(xí)知識而閱讀也有正確的方法。你可以純粹為了樂趣將一本書讀一遍。那么你會從閱讀中得到所有你需要的，即樂趣。但是，如果以同樣的方法來對待學(xué)術(shù)閱讀則是有危害的。為了閱讀或理解課內(nèi)書籍或文章，你需要更加集中注意力且采用策略。也就是說，如果你想獲得好成績的話！
2. Understand genres and themes.
了解體裁和主題
In most reading tests, the student is asked to read a passage and predict what might happen next. Prediction is a common reading comprehension strategy. The purpose for this strategy is to make sure you’re able to infer information from the clues in the text. Here’s an passage to clarify this point:
在大多數(shù)的閱讀測試中，學(xué)生們會被要求閱讀一段文章，并預(yù)測接下來的內(nèi)容是什么。預(yù)測是一種常見的閱讀理解模式，該模式的目的是確保你可以從文章中的線索里推斷出信息。這里有一段文章可以對這一點作出解釋：
Clara gripped the handle of the heavy glass pitcher and lifted it from the refrigerator shelf. She didn’t understand why her mother thought she was too young to pour her own juice. As she backed away carefully, the rubber seal of the refrigerator door caught the lip of the glass pitcher, which caused the slippery handle to slip from her hand. As she watch the pitcher crash into a thousand pieces, she saw the figure of her mother appear in the kitchen doorway.
克拉拉抓住了沉重的玻璃水罐的把手，將它從冰箱擱板上拿下來，她不明白為什么媽媽覺得她太小，不能自己給自己倒果汁。她小心翼翼地往后挪，冰箱門上的橡膠密封圈碰到了玻璃水罐的邊緣處。克拉拉眼睜睜看著水罐摔了個粉碎，又看到了媽媽的身影出現(xiàn)在廚房門口。
So, what do you think will happen next? We could guess that Clara’s mother reacts angrily, or we might guess that the mother bursts into laughter. Either answer would be sufficient, since we have so little information to go on.
所以，你認(rèn)為接下來會發(fā)生什么呢？我們可以猜猜看，克拉拉的媽媽是勃然大怒呢，還是忍俊不禁呢。兩個答案都有可能，因為我們獲取的信息量太少了。
But if I told you that this passage was an excerpt from a thriller, that fact might impact your answer. Similarly, if I told you this passage came from a comedy, you'd make a very different prediction.
但是，如果我告訴你這段話摘自一篇驚險小說，這個事實可能就會影響你的答案了。同樣地，如果我告訴你這段話摘自一篇喜劇小說，你又會作出一個截然不同的預(yù)測。
It is important to know something about the type of text you're reading, whether it is a nonfiction or a work of fiction. Understanding the genre of a book helps you make predictions about the action--which helps you comprehend the action.
了解你所閱讀的文本的體裁十分重要，不管它是不是小說。了解一本書的體裁能夠幫助你對情節(jié)作出預(yù)測，從而也幫助你理解故事情節(jié)。
3. Read with tools.
在工具的輔助下閱讀
Any time you read to learn (and not for pleasure), you should use active reading skills. There are good tools to use as you read, and there are tools that are not so good to use.
當(dāng)你為了學(xué)習(xí)知識而閱讀時，（并非為了樂趣），你就應(yīng)該使用積極的閱讀技巧。閱讀時使用的工具也是有好有壞。
A pencil is a good tool. You can use a pencil to make annotations in the margins of your text without doing any permanent damage to the text.
鉛筆是一個好的工具。你可以用鉛筆在文章邊緣做注釋，就不會對文本造成任何不可復(fù)原的毀壞。
Another good tool is a pack of sticky notes. Use your notes to jot down thoughts, impressions, predictions, and questions as you read.
還有一個好工具是一包便利貼。用便利貼來記錄你在閱讀中的想法，印象，預(yù)測和問題。
A highlighter, on the other hand, can be a really bad tool. Not only do you create some serious damage when you highlight a book, you also give yourself the false impression that you have accomplished anything significant by doing so.
另一方面，熒光筆是一個糟糕的工具。它不僅使你在作記號時給書本造成破壞，也會讓你產(chǎn)生這樣做就能完成所有重要的事的錯覺。
The only thing you accomplish by highlighting is marking passages that you may want to read again. But if a passage impresses you enough to highlight it, you must indicate why it impresses you. Otherwise, you will go back to read isolated sentences and try to remember why they were important.
你用熒光筆唯一可以完成的就是給你想要在此閱讀的段落做上標(biāo)記。但是，如果一篇文章已經(jīng)給你留下了足夠深刻的印象，你就要標(biāo)注上該文章打動你的原因。否則，你就只能倒回去閱讀單個的句子，并且試著記住其重要性的原因。
4. Analyze the title (and subtitles).
分析標(biāo)題（及副標(biāo)題）
If you are wondering why I would mention the title last, I can assure you that there is a good reason. The title is often the last thing to be adjusted once a writer has finished writing.
如果你很好奇為什么我會把關(guān)于標(biāo)題的內(nèi)容放在最后說，我可以告訴你一個充分的理由。標(biāo)題通常是作者在完成寫作后最后進行調(diào)整的部分。
A writer will labor hard and long on an article or book, and often the writer uses many of the same strategies that a good reader uses. Writers edit the text and identify themes, make predictions, and make notations galore.
作者在一篇文章或一本書會花費大量的心血，而且作者通常會使用和優(yōu)秀的讀者一樣的許多策略。作者們將文本進行編輯，并確定主題，作出預(yù)測，并做上大量的注釋。
Many writers are surprised by the twists and turns that come from the creative process.
許多作者會對這個充滿創(chuàng)意的過程的迂回曲折感到驚訝不已。
This is why, once a text is completed, the writer may reflect on the true message or purpose as a final step and come up with a new title. This means you can use the title as a clue to help you understand the message or purpose of your text.
這就是為什么當(dāng)一篇文章完成后，作者會把反映真實信息或目標(biāo)作為最后一步，然后想出一個新標(biāo)題的原因。這意味著你可以把標(biāo)題做為幫助你理解信息或文章目的的線索。
