2024屆高考英語閱讀改錯提升訓練35 醫學常識（閱讀理解）
高考35——醫學常識
（時間：分鐘）
維A1 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)
高考曾用材料：2010湖北卷C篇
選材相似度：★★★★
設題相似度：★★★
難度系數：★★★
First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in the beginning.It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care.It generally consists of series of simple life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.
While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.
Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first aid and are taught everywhere.Particularly，the “ABC”s of first aid，which focus on critical life-saving action，must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway，Breathing，and Circulation.The same mnemonic is used by all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.Choking is a life-threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.
Some organizations add a fourth step of “D” for Deadly bleeding，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain the ABCs depend on the skill level of the first aider.Once the ABCs are secured，first aiders can begin additional treatments，as required.Some organizations teach the same order of priority using the “3Bs” ：Breathing，Bleeding，and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously，certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR and chest compressions to someone who is not breathing and has no pulse.
Notes：
①lay adj.外行的②render vt.實施③priority n．優先權
長短句分析：While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.
句法點睛：本句中，while引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管”。
句意：盡管急救可以用在動物身上，但這個術語一般指對病人的救助。
【語篇解讀】 急救是指在最后的醫療救護到來之前對病人實施的初步的救助。在實施急救過程中，我們要把握好“ABC”策略，即“氣道、呼吸、循環”三要素。也有人增加了D元素，即“流血”的處理。無論怎樣只要我們掌握合理的急救知識，病人就能得到救助。
1．What does “It” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．First aid.
B．Definitive medical treatment.
C．Further medical care.
D．An injury.
答案A[詞義猜測題。聯系第一句作者給first aid下的定義，以及“series of simple life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment”可知，it在這里指急救。]
2．When we talk about first aid we usually mean ________ according to the passage.
A．giving professional help
B．giving original help to humans
C．treating animals
D．any help to animals and humans
答案B[細節理解題。聯系第二段中的“the term generally refers to care of human patients”可知，盡管急救可以指對動物的救助，但是一般來說，只指對人實施的最初救助。D有一定的干擾性，救助是指對病人實施的救助，而不是任何幫助都叫“first aid”。]
3．When giving first aid we must first make sure ________.
A．the airway is clear
B．the patient must breathe
C．we have necessary medical tools
D．the patient is not choked
答案A[細節理解題。從“Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.”可知，確保病人氣道通暢，這是最重要的。]
4．While a man is choked we should ________.
A．begin additional treatments
B．make sure he has pulse
C．make him breathe smoothly
D．take two steps at the same time
答案C[細節理解題。從“Choking is a life-threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.”可知，對窒息病人而言，確保他呼吸是最重要的。]
維A2 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分)
高考曾用材料：2010安徽卷D篇
選材相似度：★★★★
設題相似度：★★★
難度系數：★★★★
Jeremy Wirick,9，has been back in school for less than two months，but he has already had several asthma attacks.A recent attack happened on October 2，after he pushed himself too hard in gym class.Running，power walking，jogging and push-ups took their toll.When Jeremy got home an hour or two later，he was out of breath.He needed to use a nebulizer，a machine that helps send medicine quickly to the lungs，to get his breathing back to normal.
Asthma attacks like Jeremy increase in September and October.More than six times as many asthma sufferers who are elementary-school age need hospital treatment in the fall as in the summer.
Experts
believe
many
factors
can
contribute
to back-to-school asthma.Kids get together in close spaces，they start passing viruses around.A viral infection can cause an asthma attack.There are also certain fall allergies that can cause attacks.Exercise is another common cause of an attack.Besides，the stress of school can make asthma worse.
Parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school year right.Dawne Gee's 10-year-old son，Alexander，has had asthma since he was a baby.Before the school year starts，she tells school workers in writing about her son's asthma.
The Gees live in Kentucky，which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication with them at school.Alexander's mom makes sure he has his inhaler with him when he goes to school and that he keeps it on hand at all times.In Delaware，where Jeremy lives，kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school.
The American Lung Association says that about 6.2 million American children suffer from asthma.Asthma is the chronic illness that causes students to miss the most days of school.There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.
Notes：
asthma n．哮喘②allergy n．過敏癥③medication n．藥物治療④inhaler n．人工呼吸器⑤chronic adj.慢性的
【語篇解讀】 本文是說明文。文章首先通過Jeremy Wirick向我們講述了哮喘病的表現方式，接著講述了它的起因以及預防措施。
1．The passage mainly deals with ________.
A．how to prevent and treat asthma
B．what asthma is and its symptoms
C．the side-effects asthma has on kids
D．the causes of asthma and its treatment
答案D[主旨大意題。文章第一段引出要討論的話題——哮喘病，接著作者介紹了哮喘病的起因及治療方法，最后指出父母和學校應該有責任幫助孩子們治療和預防哮喘病，故最佳答案為D。]
2．Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?
A．Kids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fall.
B．Stress can add to the risk of asthma attacks.
C．Medical officials should be blamed for asthma attacks.
D．Asthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment.
答案C[推理判斷題。由第二段可判斷A項正確；由第三段最后一句可判斷B項正確；由第五段可判斷D項正確。而C項文中沒有提及，符合題意。]
3．The passage lists many factors that cause asthma attacks EXCEPT ________.
A．a viral infection
B．unhealthy habits
C．certain fall allergies
D．physical exercise
答案B[細節理解題。由第三段可以判斷A、C、D都是引起哮喘病的原因，只有B項沒有提到。]
4．The following paragraph is probably going to talk about ________.
A．tips on asthma for schools
B．a survey on students with asthma
C．the effects asthma has on students
D．further understanding of asthma
答案A[推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.”可以推測接下來要討論學校幫助學生控制哮喘病的措施，故A項為正確答案。]
維B 短文改錯(每題1.5分，滿分15分)
下面文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
A man
and his bored wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife past away.The undertaker(殯儀員) told a husband，“You can have her shipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her there，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked，“Why would you spend $5,000 shipped your wife home，when that would be wonderful to be buried here and you would spend only $150？” The man replied，“Long ago a man died here，buried here，and three days later he rose in the dead.He just can't take that chance.”
答案
A man and his
wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife
away.The undertaker(殯儀員)told
husband，“You can have her shipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her ，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why
he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked， “Why would you spend $5,000
your wife home，when
would be wonderful to be buried here and you would spend only $150？”The man replied，“Long ago a man died here， buried here，and three days later he rose
the dead. just can't take that chance.”
高考35——醫學常識
（時間：分鐘）
維A1 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)
高考曾用材料：2010湖北卷C篇
選材相似度：★★★★
設題相似度：★★★
難度系數：★★★
First aid is the action of limited care for an illness or injury in the beginning.It is usually performed by a lay person to a sick or injured patient until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.Certain self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may not require further medical care.It generally consists of series of simple life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment.
While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.
Certain skills are considered essential to the action of first aid and are taught everywhere.Particularly，the “ABC”s of first aid，which focus on critical life-saving action，must be rendered before treatment of less serious injuries.ABC stands for Airway，Breathing，and Circulation.The same mnemonic is used by all emergency health professionals.Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.Choking is a life-threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.
Some organizations add a fourth step of “D” for Deadly bleeding，while others consider this as part of the Circulation step.Variations on techniques to maintain the ABCs depend on the skill level of the first aider.Once the ABCs are secured，first aiders can begin additional treatments，as required.Some organizations teach the same order of priority using the “3Bs” ：Breathing，Bleeding，and Bones.While the ABCs and 3Bs are taught to be performed continuously，certain conditions may require the consideration of two steps at the same time.This includes the action of both CPR and chest compressions to someone who is not breathing and has no pulse.
Notes：
①lay adj.外行的②render vt.實施③priority n．優先權
長短句分析：While first aid can also be performed on animals，the term generally refers to care of human patients.
句法點睛：本句中，while引導讓步狀語從句，意思是“盡管”。
句意：盡管急救可以用在動物身上，但這個術語一般指對病人的救助。
【語篇解讀】 急救是指在最后的醫療救護到來之前對病人實施的初步的救助。在實施急救過程中，我們要把握好“ABC”策略，即“氣道、呼吸、循環”三要素。也有人增加了D元素，即“流血”的處理。無論怎樣只要我們掌握合理的急救知識，病人就能得到救助。
1．What does “It” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．First aid.
B．Definitive medical treatment.
C．Further medical care.
D．An injury.
答案A[詞義猜測題。聯系第一句作者給first aid下的定義，以及“series of simple life-saving techniques that an individual can be trained to perform with minimal equipment”可知，it在這里指急救。]
2．When we talk about first aid we usually mean ________ according to the passage.
A．giving professional help
B．giving original help to humans
C．treating animals
D．any help to animals and humans
答案B[細節理解題。聯系第二段中的“the term generally refers to care of human patients”可知，盡管急救可以指對動物的救助，但是一般來說，只指對人實施的最初救助。D有一定的干擾性，救助是指對病人實施的救助，而不是任何幫助都叫“first aid”。]
3．When giving first aid we must first make sure ________.
A．the airway is clear
B．the patient must breathe
C．we have necessary medical tools
D．the patient is not choked
答案A[細節理解題。從“Attention must first be brought to the airway to ensure it is clear.”可知，確保病人氣道通暢，這是最重要的。]
4．While a man is choked we should ________.
A．begin additional treatments
B．make sure he has pulse
C．make him breathe smoothly
D．take two steps at the same time
答案C[細節理解題。從“Choking is a life-threatening emergency.A first aid attendant would determine properness of breathing and provide rescue breathing if necessary.”可知，對窒息病人而言，確保他呼吸是最重要的。]
維A2 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分8分)
高考曾用材料：2010安徽卷D篇
選材相似度：★★★★
設題相似度：★★★
難度系數：★★★★
Jeremy Wirick,9，has been back in school for less than two months，but he has already had several asthma attacks.A recent attack happened on October 2，after he pushed himself too hard in gym class.Running，power walking，jogging and push-ups took their toll.When Jeremy got home an hour or two later，he was out of breath.He needed to use a nebulizer，a machine that helps send medicine quickly to the lungs，to get his breathing back to normal.
Asthma attacks like Jeremy increase in September and October.More than six times as many asthma sufferers who are elementary-school age need hospital treatment in the fall as in the summer.
Experts
believe
many
factors
can
contribute
to back-to-school asthma.Kids get together in close spaces，they start passing viruses around.A viral infection can cause an asthma attack.There are also certain fall allergies that can cause attacks.Exercise is another common cause of an attack.Besides，the stress of school can make asthma worse.
Parents can play a big role in helping kids with asthma start the school year right.Dawne Gee's 10-year-old son，Alexander，has had asthma since he was a baby.Before the school year starts，she tells school workers in writing about her son's asthma.
The Gees live in Kentucky，which has passed laws allowing students to carry their asthma medication with them at school.Alexander's mom makes sure he has his inhaler with him when he goes to school and that he keeps it on hand at all times.In Delaware，where Jeremy lives，kids are allowed to carry their inhalers at school.
The American Lung Association says that about 6.2 million American children suffer from asthma.Asthma is the chronic illness that causes students to miss the most days of school.There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.
Notes：
asthma n．哮喘②allergy n．過敏癥③medication n．藥物治療④inhaler n．人工呼吸器⑤chronic adj.慢性的
【語篇解讀】 本文是說明文。文章首先通過Jeremy Wirick向我們講述了哮喘病的表現方式，接著講述了它的起因以及預防措施。
1．The passage mainly deals with ________.
A．how to prevent and treat asthma
B．what asthma is and its symptoms
C．the side-effects asthma has on kids
D．the causes of asthma and its treatment
答案D[主旨大意題。文章第一段引出要討論的話題——哮喘病，接著作者介紹了哮喘病的起因及治療方法，最后指出父母和學校應該有責任幫助孩子們治療和預防哮喘病，故最佳答案為D。]
2．Which of the following statements is NOT supported by the passage?
A．Kids are likely to suffer asthma attacks in the fall.
B．Stress can add to the risk of asthma attacks.
C．Medical officials should be blamed for asthma attacks.
D．Asthma attacks will need necessary medical treatment.
答案C[推理判斷題。由第二段可判斷A項正確；由第三段最后一句可判斷B項正確；由第五段可判斷D項正確。而C項文中沒有提及，符合題意。]
3．The passage lists many factors that cause asthma attacks EXCEPT ________.
A．a viral infection
B．unhealthy habits
C．certain fall allergies
D．physical exercise
答案B[細節理解題。由第三段可以判斷A、C、D都是引起哮喘病的原因，只有B項沒有提到。]
4．The following paragraph is probably going to talk about ________.
A．tips on asthma for schools
B．a survey on students with asthma
C．the effects asthma has on students
D．further understanding of asthma
答案A[推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“There are many things that schools can do to help students control their asthma.”可以推測接下來要討論學校幫助學生控制哮喘病的措施，故A項為正確答案。]
維B 短文改錯(每題1.5分，滿分15分)
下面文中共有10處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。
注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。
A man
and his bored wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife past away.The undertaker(殯儀員) told a husband，“You can have her shipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her there，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked，“Why would you spend $5,000 shipped your wife home，when that would be wonderful to be buried here and you would spend only $150？” The man replied，“Long ago a man died here，buried here，and three days later he rose in the dead.He just can't take that chance.”
答案
A man and his
wife went on vacation to Jerusalem.While they were there，the wife
away.The undertaker(殯儀員)told
husband，“You can have her shipped home for $5,000，or you can bury her ，in the Holy Land，for $150.”The man thought about it and told him why
he would just have her shipped home.The undertaker asked， “Why would you spend $5,000
your wife home，when
would be wonderful to be buried here and you would spend only $150？”The man replied，“Long ago a man died here， buried here，and three days later he rose
the dead. just can't take that chance.”
