2024年高考英語沖刺搶分訓練集14

　　2024高考英語沖刺搶分訓練集14

　　Ⅰ.詞匯短語過關

　　1．harmful adj. 有害的；傷害的

　　harm n．&vt. 損傷；傷害

　　harmless adj. 無害的

　　harmlessness n. 無害

　　be harmful to 對……有害

　　do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 對某人有害

　　do more harm than good 弊大于利

　　There is (no) harm in (sb.‘s) doing sth.(某人)做某事有(無)害處。

　　It does (no) harm (for sb.) to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事有(無)害處。

　　mean no harm 沒有惡意

　　[即學即練1]

　　(1)Fruit juice can ______ __________ ______ children‘s teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。

　　(2)What he did _________ his reputation.他所做的損害了他的名聲。

　　答案：be harmful to；harmed

　　(3)He may look fierce, but he _________ ______ ______.他可能看上去很兇，但并無惡意。

　　(4)The court case will ______ ______ ______ ______ my business.這起訴訟案件將嚴重損害我的生意。

　　答案：means no harm；do serious harm to

　　2．exist vi. 存在；生存；維持生活

　　existent adj. 存在的，現存的　existence n. 存在，生存

　　There exists/existed....某地有……，存在……

　　exist in 存在于……之中

　　exist on 靠……為生

　　exist by 靠……生存

　　come into existence 開始存在；成立

　　bring into existence 使發生，產生

　　[即學即練2]

　　(1)________ always ________ a force of attraction between two bodies. 兩物體間總是存在著吸引力。

　　(2)They ______ ______ very little food.他們靠極少的食物來生存。

　　(3)That word doesn‘t ______ in English. 英語中沒有這個詞。

　　答案：There exists；exist on；exist

　　(4)Fish can't ______ ______ ______ ______. 魚離開水就不能生存。

　　(5)When did the world ______ ______ ______________？世界是什么時候開始產生的？

　　答案：exist；out of water；come into existence

　　3．puzzle vt. 使困惑；使糊涂　n. 難題；謎

　　puzzling adj. 令人困惑的

　　puzzled adj. 感到困惑的

　　puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔細琢磨

　　puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案；開動腦筋

　　be in a puzzle about sth. 對某事迷惑不解

　　set a puzzle for sb.(＝set sb. a puzzle) 出個謎語叫某人猜

　　be puzzled by 被……迷惑

　　[即學即練3]

　　(1)It's quite ______ ______ ______ us why he did that.他為何做那樣的事，我們完全搞不懂。

　　(2)This sentence _________ me. 這個句子令我困惑。

　　(3)I ______ ________ how to solve the problem.我不知道怎樣解決這個問題。

　　(4)The question is ________ to me. 這個問題令我困惑。

　　答案：a puzzle to；puzzles；was puzzled；puzzling

　　4．in one’s turn輪到某人；接著

　　in turn依次；輪流；轉而；反過來

　　by turns輪流；交替

　　take one’s turn輪到某人做……了

　　take turns依次；輪班，輪流

　　on the turn正在轉變，正在變化

　　out of turn不合時宜地，魯莽地

　　[即學即練4]

　　(1)The girls called out their names ______ ______.那些女孩兒逐一報出了自己的名字。

　　(2)We make every effort to make more films, and ______ ______ this creates further environmental pollution.我們在竭力生產出更多的電影，反過來這又造成了進一步的環境污染。

　　答案：in turn；in turn

　　(3)We kept watch ______ ______.＝We ______ ______ to keep watch.我們輪流守望。

　　答案：by turns；took turns

　　5．prevent...from 阻止；制止

　　stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

　　keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

　　protect sb. from...保護某人不受……侵襲，擋住，防御

　　keep sb. doing sth. 讓某人一直做某事

　　[即學即練5]

　　(1)What can we do to ___________________ this disease ______ ___________？我們能做什么來防止這種疾病蔓延呢？

　　(2)Don't ______ others ________ for long.不要讓別人等太久。

　　答案：prevent/stop/keep from spreading；keep waiting

　　提示：(1)在被動句中 from 均不能省略。如：We were stopped/prevented/kept from going out by the heavy rain.大雨使我們無法外出。

　　(2)protect...from...中 from后接能帶來傷害或損害之事物。如：They huddled together to protect themselves from the wind. 他們擠在一起，免受風吹。

　　6．cheer up 感到高興；感到振奮

　　cheer sb. up 使某人高興；使某人振奮

　　cheer on 為……加油

　　cheer sb. 為某人喝彩

　　with good cheer 欣然地

　　Cheers! 干杯！祝你健康！(用于祝酒)

　　[即學即練6]

　　(1)______ ______！ The news isn't too bad.振作一點吧！也不是什么太壞的消息。

　　(2)Every time an English runner won a race, the crowd _________.每次英國選手贏得賽跑冠軍，觀眾就歡呼。

　　(3)The crowd __________ their favourite horse ______.觀眾都替他們看好的馬加油。

　　答案：Cheer up；cheered；cheered on

　　7．break out (戰爭、災難、瘟疫等)突發；爆發(無被動語態)

　　①The Second World War broke out in September 1939.“二戰”是1939年9月爆發的。

　　②A fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.昨晚居民區里發生了火災。

　　拓展：break away from 脫離(政黨等)；打破(陳套等)

　　break down 出故障，拋錨；(計劃等)失敗；(身體、精神等)垮掉；打倒，砸破；(化合物等)分解

　　break in 破門而入；闖入；打斷(話語等)

　　break into 破門而入，突然……起來

　　break off 折斷；突然中止，斷絕，結束

　　break through 突破

　　break up 打碎，拆散；散開，解散；(學校)期末放假，(集會)結束

　　break into pieces 成為碎片

　　[即學即練7]　

　　介、副詞填空

　　(1)She started to speak, then broke ______ while a waitress served us with coffee.

　　(2)He lost his job and his marriage broke ______.

　　(3)Her health broke ________ under the pressure of work.

　　答案：off；up；down

　　(4)Should another world war break ______， what would become of human beings?

　　(5)Firemen had to break the door ______ to reach the people trapped inside.

　　(6)The meeting broke ______ at eleven o'clock.

　　答案：out；down；up

　　8．watch out 注意；當心

　　watch out(for)＝ look out (for)密切注意；留神

　　take care 留神，注意

　　be careful 仔細，留神

　　watch it 當心，小心

　　watch over 照看；看守

　　keep a close watch/eye on 密切注視

　　[即學即練8]

　　(1)______ ______！ There is a car coming!當心！有車來了！

　　(2)______ ______ ______ cars while crossing the road.過馬路時要當心車輛。

　　(3)______ ______ not to catch a cold.＝______ ______ not to catch a cold. 當心別著涼。

　　答案：Watch out；Watch out for；Be careful；Take care

　　易 錯 點 撥

　　自我完善?誤區備考

　　1. unlike/dislike/alike/likely

　　(1)unlike prep.不同；不像

　　(2)dislike vt. 不喜歡

　　(3)alike adj. 相似的，同樣的

　　(4)likely adj. 很可能發生的，有希望的

　　解析：now that 引導原因狀語從句，相當于 since，意為：既然。

　　答案：D

　　[應用1]

　　用 unlike, dislike, alike, likely的適當形式填空：

　　(1)The twins look very much ______.

　　(2)________ his brother, he ________ playing football.

　　(3)We all think he is ______ to win.

　　答案：alike；Unlike；dislikes；likely

　　2. pull/drag/draw

　　(1)pull是普通用語，指一時或突然用力拉，與push相對。有時可用于把某人某物拖、拉到某目的地的或固定的方向。

　　(2)drag是指“拖”“拉”著笨重的物體擦著地面，緩慢而費力地拖、拉動作。

　　(3)draw是指“拖”“拉”的物體向自己所在的方向移動，而且拖、拉的動作是從容的、不太費勁的。

　　[應用2]　(1)She _________a truck out from under the bed.

　　(2)______ the door open. Don’t push it.

　　(3)______ your chair up to the table.

　　(4)The ants are _________ pieces of corn.

　　答案：dragged；Pull；Draw；pulling

　　3. in time/at a time/at one time/on time/in no time/at times/at no time

　　in time及時；總有一天；終于

　　on time按時

　　at one time曾經，一度

　　at a time一次，同時

　　at times有時

　　at no time決不，在任何時候都不

　　in no time立刻，馬上

　　[應用3]　(1)This kind of social phenomenon could exist only for a few months, but it will disappear __________.

　　(2)_____________ she wanted to be a nurse, but the thought of working at night put her off.

　　(3)They ran all the way to the corner just ________ to catch the bus.

　　答案：in no time；At one time；in time

　　(4)My honey, life is very difficult and cruel _________. Wipe your tears.

　　(5)Deal with your questions separately, one ______.

　　(6)Be sure to be _________. The meeting is very important.

　　(7)___________ will we give up.

　　答案：at times；at a time；on time；At no time

　　自我測評?技能備考

　　Ⅰ.單詞拼寫

　　1．He was interested in a__________________ and always stayed up at night to watch the stars.

　　2．Not long ago a v___________ earthquake occurred off the coast of Indonesia.

　　3．Computer hackers have broken down security s____________，raising questions about the safety of information.

　　4．Too much sugar can be h________ to children's teeth.

　　答案：astronomy；violent；systems；harmful

　　5．The three－star hotel offers a friendly a______________________ and personal service.

　　6．China has sent up another ______ (人造衛星) into space.

　　7．There is a lot of rubbish ___________(漂浮) on the surface of the river.

　　8．_____________ (理論) is based on practice.

　　9．The__________ (氣候) is different from place to place.

　　10. 6 _______________ (乘) by 5 is 30.

　　答案：atmosphere；satellite；floating；Theory；climate；multiplied

　　Ⅱ .單項選擇

　　1．—I‘m thinking of the test tomorrow. I’m afraid I can‘t pass this time.

　　—______！ I’m sure you‘ll make it.

　　A．Go ahead B．Good luck

　　C．No problem D．Cheer up

　　答案：D

　　解析：考查交際用語。cheer up 用于鼓勵別人：振奮起來，別灰心。

　　2．(2010?湖北百校聯考)With the words, he ______ a wide mouth jar from his pocket and set it on the table in front of him.

　　A．pulled out B．checked out

　　C．stuck out D．dropped out

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查動詞短語。語意表示他從口袋里拿出一個廣口瓶，用pull out表示“抽，從……中抽出來”。check out“結帳離去，辦妥手續離去”；stick out“堅持，突出，伸出”；drop out“退出，退學”。

　　3．As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ______ her duty to look after all the other people‘s affairs in that town.

　　A．this B．that

　　C．one D．it

　　解析：考查 it做形式賓語，真正賓語為不定式短語 to look after...。

　　答案：D

　　4．Completely lost in the exciting ______ of the football match, Tom didn‘t feel his pocket picked.

　　A．scene B．view

　　C．atmosphere D．sight

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查名詞辨析。atmosphere 在此指“氣氛；氛圍”。

　　5．Many Europeans ______ the continent of Africa in the 19th century.

　　A．exploded B．exposed

　　C．explored D．expanded

　　答案：C

　　解析：句意為：許多歐洲人在19世紀對非洲大陸進行了探索。explode爆炸；expose暴露，顯示；explore探索；expand擴大。

　　6．It’s ______ for the Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship that every Chinese feels cheerful and proud.

　　A．so a successful flight

　　B．so successful a flight

　　C．such successful a flight

　　D．a such successful flight

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查such...that和so...that句型。句意為：對于“神七”來說，這是一次極為成功的飛行，以至于每個中國人都為之高興和自豪。“so＋adj.＋a＋可數名詞單數”或“such＋a＋adj.＋可數名詞單數”。

　　7．He has ______ letters to answer and has to work from morning to night.

　　A．much B．a great deal of

　　C．masses of D．the number of

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查修飾名詞表“大量”的詞的辨析。masses of相當于plenty of，意為“許多；大量”。A、B兩項用于修飾不可數名詞；the number of意為“……的數目”，與題意不符。

　　8．(2010?陜西西安質檢)We were scared to death when the fire ______. Fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.

　　A．broke out B．came out

　　C．gave out D．turned out

　　答案：A

　　解析：考查動詞短語辨析。break out表示“(戰爭、打斗等不愉快事件)突然發生”；come out表示“出發，發芽”；give out表示“分發，用完”；turn out表示“結果是，生產”。語意：突如其來的大火把我們嚇得要死，幸好被撲滅了，沒有造成很大損失。A項符合語意。

　　9．At the ______ news, there was a ______ expression on his face.

　　A．puzzled; puzzling B．puzzling; puzzle

　　C．puzzling; puzzled D．puzzled; puzzle

　　答案：C

　　解析：第一空用 puzzling “令人迷惑的”修飾 news；第二空指“迷惑的表情”用 puzzled。

　　10．Do you think ______ life on Mars?

　　A．it exists B．there exists

　　C．it is existed D．there is existed

　　答案：B

　　解析：考查There exists ...句式，意為“某地存在某物”。exist v. 存在。