2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：必修1 Unit 1《Friendship》（新人教版福建專用）

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　　什么叫主謂一致寫出括號(hào)中動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式 1. Attitude __________(decide) everything. 態(tài)度決定一切。 2. Opinions about whether to go into details about the issue______(vary) from person to person.

　　關(guān)于是否深入調(diào)查問(wèn)題的細(xì)節(jié)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，觀點(diǎn)因人而異。 decides vary

　　句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上的統(tǒng)一性叫主謂一致。 2

　　能否將主謂一致理解為“主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)”？翻譯下列句子，標(biāo)出句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 1. 書籍是人類的好朋友。 2. 一個(gè)流浪漢躺在公園的長(zhǎng)凳上，雙手抖個(gè)不停。 3. 許多抽煙者把醫(yī)生的忠告當(dāng)耳邊風(fēng)。 4. 當(dāng)時(shí)1000英鎊是一大筆錢。 5. 羊主要吃草。 2

　　能否將主謂一致理解為“主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)”？翻譯下列句子，標(biāo)出句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　1. Book are good friends to man.

　　2. A homeless man was lying on the bench in the park,

　　with both his hands trembling. 主謂主謂答案 2

　　3. Many a smoker turns a deaf ear to the doctor's advice.

　　4. One thousand pounds was quite a big sum of money

　　at that time. 主謂主謂答案 2

　　能否將主謂一致理解為“主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)”？翻譯下列句子，標(biāo)出句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 5. Sheep feed on grass. 主謂答案

　　主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)不一定用復(fù)數(shù)(如例句4)；主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式謂語(yǔ)也不一定用單數(shù)(如例句5)。

　　觀察每組句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，嘗試找出其中的規(guī)律 1. (1) Birds of a feather flock together. 物以類聚。

　　(2) Every dog has his day. 人人皆有得意時(shí)。 2. (1) The wounded need medicine and food.

　　傷員們需要藥品和食物。

　　(2) The wounded is his cousin.

　　那個(gè)傷員是他的表弟。 3 主謂一致有什么原則？

　　觀察每組句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，嘗試找出其中的規(guī)律

　　3. (1) Not

　　only

　　Beijing

　　but

　　also

　　other

　　cities

　　China

　　have taken on a new look.

　　不僅北京而且中國(guó)其他城市的面貌也煥然一新。

　　(2) Not human resources but the system counts.

　　不是人力資源而是制度起決定作用。 3 主謂一致有什么原則？

　　觀察每組句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，嘗試找出其中的規(guī)律

　　4. (1) English

　　well

　　other

　　languages

　　has

　　its

　　own

　　rules.

　　同其他語(yǔ)言一樣，英語(yǔ)也有其自身特點(diǎn)。

　　(2) There

　　only one teacher and twenty-six students

　　in this remote school.

　　這所偏遠(yuǎn)的學(xué)校有一個(gè)老師和26個(gè)學(xué)生。 3 主謂一致有什么原則？

　　主謂一致原則有：

　　1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則。即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(如例句1)。

　　2. 意義一致原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語(yǔ)表達(dá)的實(shí)際意義決定。同樣形式的主語(yǔ)含義不同時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)形式有變化(如例句2)。

　　主謂一致原則有：

　　3. 就近原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定(如例句3)。

　　4. 承前原則。即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定(如例句4) 4 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 1. The problem ________ (need) further discussion and we'll discuss it next Wednesday. 2. All the employees in this joint venture ____________ (pay) by the job. 3. Since all _____ (be) ready and all of us _______ (be) here, let's begin our meeting. needs are /were paid is are 4 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 4. The doctor and teacher ________ (speak) good English thanks to having lived abroad for years. 5. Growing vegetables _____ (need) constant watering. 6. To be a pilot _______ (be) his dream.　 7. When he will be set free from the prison ________ (remain) a big problem. speaks needs

　　is/was remains 4 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 8. Neither the hostess nor her children______ (like) hot food, so please don‘t add pepper. 9. Look! The mother cat with all her babies__________ (run) after a mouse. 10. Each book and each dictionary here_____________ (publish) by BNUP last year. like are running was published 4 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 11. Many a visitor ________ (have) such an experience so far. 12. More than one person___________ (charge) with theft the other day. 13. One and a half buildings __________ (burn) in the big fire last night. has had was charged

　　was burnt 4 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式怎樣確定？完成下列句子，注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 14. His family ____ (be) very large. 15. Gone ____ (be) the days when teachers were looked down upon. 16. There __________ (be) no reply from the company in charge up to now. is are has been

　　1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一般是根據(jù)主謂一致的原則來(lái)確定：

　　①主謂一致遵守的“就近原則”句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定。此類句式有：Neither A nor B…/Either A or B… / Whether A or B… /Not only A but also B … /A or B… /Not A but B …/There be A and B。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由靠近謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞B確定。

　　②主謂一致遵守的“承前原則”句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞確定。此類句式有：A with B…/A along with B…/A together with B…/ A as well as B…/A including B…/A except/(but) B…謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由遠(yuǎn)離謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的名詞A確定。

　　③all, some, the rest of…分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際意義確定。all指物，表示“一切”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，指人時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　④集合名詞作主語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。強(qiáng)調(diào)成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如： My family were watching TV when the electricity was cut off。

　　⑤There be 的主語(yǔ)在后面，謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)一致。

　　2．確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式還有以下幾種情況：

　　①不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。

　　②and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表達(dá)同一概念，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。這類名詞如 knife and fork(刀叉)；bread and butter(黃油面包), horse and cart(馬車)等。

　　③動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　④不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　⑤從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式。

　　⑥當(dāng)every A and every B/each A and each B/ no A and no B/ many a A and many a B作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑦M(jìn)any a ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑧More than one ＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑨One and a half ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

　　⑩表語(yǔ)前置，主語(yǔ)在后，謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)一致。 * * * ⑩ get along with

　　用get的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空 (1)Don't ________ the bus until it has stopped. (2)The story has ______， and everyone knows about it. (3)When I ______ with the report, I'll go to the cinema. (4)After a delicious meal the two men ______

　　business.

　　(5)Don't always _____ a word when others are speaking. 答案

　　(1)get off　

　　(2)got around/about　 (3)get through　

　　(4)got down to　

　　(5)get in ⑩ get along with

　　用get的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空 (6)It took me a long time to _______ such an unpleasant experience. (7)Did your speech __________ the crowd? (8)How's your son __________ his English? (9)Have you __________ the book you lent him? (10)Farmers are busy ________ crops in the fields now. 答案

　　(6)get over

　　(7)get across to　 (8)get along with　

　　(9)got back

　　(10) getting in ? exactly adv.

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)境猜詞義 (1)You must tell us exactly what you would like to do.

　　(2)Well, what did she say exactly? (3)It happened exactly as you described it.

　　(4)— We need a drink.

　　— Exactly! Let's have one. (5)We are not exactly driving fast. ? exactly adv.

　　根據(jù)語(yǔ)義找匹配 A．確切地；準(zhǔn)確地　 B．正是，不錯(cuò)，(用于答語(yǔ))表示完全同意　C．到底；完全　 D．正是；就是(意思接近just) E．not exactly 并不真的；不完全如此答案

　　(1)A　 (2)C 　(3)D　 (4)B 　(5)E ? exactly adv. 鏈接 exact adj.

　　確切的；精確的 ? exactly adv.

　　單項(xiàng)填空 (1) — People should stop using their cars and start using public transport.

　　— ______. The roads are too crowded as it is.

　　A. Exactly

　　B. All right

　　C. Go ahead

　　D. Fine 解析

　　句意：——人們應(yīng)該不使用轎車開(kāi)始乘坐公交車。——確實(shí)如此。 all right 好的； go ahead 請(qǐng)吧。 A ? exactly adv.

　　單項(xiàng)填空 (2) — Does your brother like playing football?

　　— ________. He seldom watches football match.

　　A. Not exactly

　　B. Not really

　　C. Not sure

　　D. Not again 解析

　　not really 不是，不全是。 B

　　? While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. (P1)

　　遛狗時(shí)，你太粗心，狗扣松了而被車撞了。 While walking the dog是一種省略，我們把它稱之為“連接詞＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”。在表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，主語(yǔ)又和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，或者主語(yǔ)是it，那么常常把從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的be動(dòng)詞省略。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)法理論，其非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇不受連接詞的限定，而是根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與其關(guān)系，即：主動(dòng)用v.-ing形式；被動(dòng)用v.-ed形式；如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后有介詞能構(gòu)成 “be ＋過(guò)去分詞＋介詞”句式的，就用v.-ed形式。鏈接

　　名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句結(jié)合非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略形式：名詞性從句的省略形式：連接代、副詞＋不定式。定語(yǔ)從句的省略形式：介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋不定式。狀語(yǔ)從句的省略形式：從屬連詞＋分詞(主要是過(guò)去分詞)。

　　I don't know what I can do next. ＝ I don't know what to do next.

　　The farmer built a small wooden case in which he could store grains. ＝ The farmer built a small wooden case in which to store grains.

　　I broke my leg while I was playing football with my classmates yesterday afternoon. ＝ I broke my leg while playing football with my classmates yesterday afternoon.

　　單項(xiàng)填空 (1) I won't go to the party unless______.

　　A. invited

　　B. inviting

　　C. to invite

　　D. invite 解析

　　考查“連接詞＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的用法。invite與主語(yǔ)I是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞，所以答案是A。 A (2) Every evening after dinner, if not _____ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.

　　A. being tired

　　B. tiring

　　C. tired

　　D. to be tired C 解析

　　考查“連接詞＋非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞”的用法。因非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后有介詞能構(gòu)成 “be ＋tired＋from”句式，用過(guò)去分詞，所以答案是C。

　　單項(xiàng)填空

　　單項(xiàng)填空 (3)Frank's dream was to have his own shop ______ the workings of his own hands.

　　A. that to produce

　　B. in which to produce

　　C. by which to produce

　　D. how to produce B ? …one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself. (P2)

　　在某個(gè)溫馨之夜，為了能一個(gè)人好好地看看月亮，我故意不睡直到11：30。

　　in order to 所表達(dá)的是目的狀語(yǔ)，表示“為了……”之意。其否定式是in order not to do sth.，既可放在句首，又可放在句中。

　　In order to catch up with his classmates as soon as possible, he works even harder.

　　為了能盡快趕上同學(xué)，他學(xué)習(xí)更加刻苦了。

　　He set out early in the morning in order not to miss the early bus.

　　為了不錯(cuò)過(guò)早班車，他一大早就動(dòng)身了。鏈接 (1) in order that 與so that 引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，in order that 與so that沒(méi)有太大的區(qū)別，但so that還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting in order that/so that everyone present could hear him. (目的狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　他在會(huì)上用最大的聲音講著以便所有在場(chǎng)的人都能聽(tīng)到。鏈接 (1) in order that 與so that 引導(dǎo)的是目的狀語(yǔ)從句，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中，in order that 與so that沒(méi)有太大的區(qū)別，但so that還可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　He spoke at the top of his voice at the meeting, so that everyone present heard him. (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　他在會(huì)上用最大的聲音講著結(jié)果所有在場(chǎng)的人都聽(tīng)到了。根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子 (1)We must make the polluted water clean _________ (為了不使河流受到污染)． (2) We work hard_________(為了能通過(guò)入學(xué)考試)．答案

　　(1) in order that it doesn't make the river polluted (2) in order to pass the entrance exam/in order that we can pass the entrance exam 鏈接 (2)in order that與in order to do sth. 的關(guān)系當(dāng)主從復(fù)合句中的前后主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，我們才可以使用in order to do sth. 句式，如題(2)；否則必須使用主從復(fù)合句，如題(1)。辨析

　　In order to / To keep up with his classmates, he studies hard.

　　He studies hard in order not to / so as not to fall behind.

　　so…as to只表示結(jié)果，表示“到某種程度以至于……”，否定形式為so…as not to。so后面接形容詞或副詞。

　　運(yùn)用以上短語(yǔ)完成下面的情景

　　After a day's hardworking, we went to bed early. We were (3)____ tired (4)______ fall asleep as soon as our heads touch the pillows. (5)_________ finish the construction in time, we made up our minds to work 12 hours a day, which is (6)____ tough a job(7)_____ we felt it hard to hold on. Our boss employed another 2 workers yesterday, (8)________ we could have a better rest. so as to In order to so that so that 答案

　　in order to do sth.是表示目的的萬(wàn)能句式，它既能放到句首，又能放在句尾，還能構(gòu)成否定式，所以使用它是最沒(méi)問(wèn)題的。

　　你知道當(dāng)in order to do sth./ so as to do sth. /to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中，選哪個(gè)最保險(xiǎn)嗎？在書面表達(dá)中，表示目的我們用哪個(gè)最不出錯(cuò)誤呢？

　　?I didn't go downstairs until the window had to

　　be shut. (P2)

　　我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。 (1) until既是介詞又是連接詞 I'll wait for him until midnight. (介詞) I'll wait for him until he comes back. (連接詞) (2)主句是否定句的運(yùn)用(注意句意變化) We discussed it until the manager came.

　　我們一直討論到經(jīng)理來(lái)。 We didn't discuss it until the manager came.

　　直到經(jīng)理來(lái)我們才討論。 We didn't stop working until the manager came.

　　直到經(jīng)理來(lái)我們才停止工作。

　　當(dāng)until意為“直到……才”時(shí)，主句就要用否定句，而不是依據(jù)主句的動(dòng)詞是否是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)主句是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用肯定句，其意思是：主句的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到從句動(dòng)詞所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作為止；而使用否定句時(shí)，則表示從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)作才開(kāi)始發(fā)生。

　　(3)until后的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題

　　由于until引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所以它的一般將來(lái)時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替；過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)用一般過(guò)去時(shí) 代替；將來(lái)完成時(shí)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替。