高考英語知識點+考點+題型+演練（16）
高考英語知識點+考點+題型+演練（16）
一、語言知識點：
1. have mercy on：對…表示憐憫
at the mercy of：任由…擺布或控制
beg…for mercy：乞求…的憐憫
show （little/much） mercy to sb：對…（毫不/非常）仁慈
without mercy：無憐憫之心
2. keep sb company
accompany sb to a place
in the company of sb
accompany sb （at/on sth）：給某人伴奏
3. （c）=wealth：（大量）財產
fortune （u）=luck：機會，運氣
（c）=fate：個人的前途，命運
fortunate=lucky
fortunately=luckily
4. a spare room：一個備用房間
in one's spare time：在某人空閑時間里
spare me five minutes：為我抽出5分鐘
spare no efforts：不遺余力
spare no expense：不惜成本
spare time：花費時間
kill time：消磨時間
waste time：浪費時間
5. in terms of：就…而言，從…角度，根據
in the long term/run：長遠看來
in the short term=at the moment：在目前
in sb's terms：在…看來
in relative terms：相對而言
in general/practical/financial：從總體/實際/財政角度
6. go about （doing） sth：著手，從事某事
as far as I know：據我所知
go/get down on one's knees：跪下
tend to do：傾向于干什么
tend to sth：傾向于什么
therefore （adv.）=as a result of that
so （conj.）
7. in the eyes of sb=in sb's eyes=in one's opinion：在某人看來
keep an eye on sb：留神，看管
look sb in the eye：目不轉睛地看某人
keep one's eyes open：留心看，密切注意
8. serve sb sth：給某人端上…
serve sb with sth=sth to sb：拿出…來款待某人
serve to do sth：起…作用
serve as…：擔任，充當…
serve sb/sth：為…服務，端（飯、菜）
First come, first served.：先到先招待
Make the past serve the present.：古為今用
Let those who can serve as teachers.：能者為師
二、題型歸納閱讀理解解題要決四詞義猜測題
利用文章所提供的語境去推測生詞是閱讀的必備技能之一。詞義猜測題是高考必考的題型，所考詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內容。
1. 根據定義、解釋和復述猜測詞義。這種情況下，生詞往往出現在前面，定義或解釋跟在生詞的后面，由or或破折號引出。因此只要找準并正確理解生詞的釋義，生詞的含義也就清楚了。釋義部分可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。在做這類題時，要注意生詞與復述部分往往構成同位語，在句中多用逗號、破折號、冒號、分號等來連接。
例：…In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age aren't careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts "private" so that only you can read them.
As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one's creative works.
Q: The underlined word "rational" probably means____.
A. strange
B. perfect
C. helpful
D. reasonable
[分析]通過本句中的定語從句"which you may regret later"可知，令人后悔的話肯定是不理智的、欠思考的，是不太合理的發泄或表達，所以D選項最貼近于"rational"的意思：合理的，有道理的。
2. 根據因果關系猜測詞義。因果關系總是同時出現在文章中，有時原因在前，結果在后；有時結果在前，原因在后，因此我們可以根據這一特定的邏輯關系來推測生詞的含義。
例：…Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You can't count how many times you've smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.…
Q: The underlined word "smacked" in the paragraph probably means____.
A. clapped
B. hit
C. kicked
D. pushed
[分析]從本句后半部分"if it went too slow for your expectations"可知，帶來的后果顯然是你對機器不滿意，不知道拍打了它多少次。四個選項中只有B符合。A：鼓掌，輕拍；C：踢；D：推，均不合適。
3. 根據搭配、對比關系猜測詞義。有時分析句子結構，辨別句子成分，分清搭配關系，是判斷詞義的前提，通過搭配關系得以確定劃線名詞指代的對象是人還是物。另外，轉折詞but、讓步條件狀語從句以及unlike, in spite of, despite, however等一些介詞和副詞都可以構成意義上的對比關系。
例：Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king's castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
Q: The underlined word "moat" probably means____.
A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies
B. a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with water
C. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought
D. a long and high wall around castle
[分析]從上一句中可知，它是國王的城堡，有著高高的圍墻和圓形的塔樓，接下來提到的用來抵御敵人的moat不可能還是圍墻或塔樓，故可以排除A、D，也不可能是馬車。最符合邏輯的應該是"護城河，壕溝"，故選B
高考英語知識點+考點+題型+演練（16）
一、語言知識點：
1. have mercy on：對…表示憐憫
at the mercy of：任由…擺布或控制
beg…for mercy：乞求…的憐憫
show （little/much） mercy to sb：對…（毫不/非常）仁慈
without mercy：無憐憫之心
2. keep sb company
accompany sb to a place
in the company of sb
accompany sb （at/on sth）：給某人伴奏
3. （c）=wealth：（大量）財產
fortune （u）=luck：機會，運氣
（c）=fate：個人的前途，命運
fortunate=lucky
fortunately=luckily
4. a spare room：一個備用房間
in one's spare time：在某人空閑時間里
spare me five minutes：為我抽出5分鐘
spare no efforts：不遺余力
spare no expense：不惜成本
spare time：花費時間
kill time：消磨時間
waste time：浪費時間
5. in terms of：就…而言，從…角度，根據
in the long term/run：長遠看來
in the short term=at the moment：在目前
in sb's terms：在…看來
in relative terms：相對而言
in general/practical/financial：從總體/實際/財政角度
6. go about （doing） sth：著手，從事某事
as far as I know：據我所知
go/get down on one's knees：跪下
tend to do：傾向于干什么
tend to sth：傾向于什么
therefore （adv.）=as a result of that
so （conj.）
7. in the eyes of sb=in sb's eyes=in one's opinion：在某人看來
keep an eye on sb：留神，看管
look sb in the eye：目不轉睛地看某人
keep one's eyes open：留心看，密切注意
8. serve sb sth：給某人端上…
serve sb with sth=sth to sb：拿出…來款待某人
serve to do sth：起…作用
serve as…：擔任，充當…
serve sb/sth：為…服務，端（飯、菜）
First come, first served.：先到先招待
Make the past serve the present.：古為今用
Let those who can serve as teachers.：能者為師
二、題型歸納閱讀理解解題要決四詞義猜測題
利用文章所提供的語境去推測生詞是閱讀的必備技能之一。詞義猜測題是高考必考的題型，所考詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱代詞的指代內容。
1. 根據定義、解釋和復述猜測詞義。這種情況下，生詞往往出現在前面，定義或解釋跟在生詞的后面，由or或破折號引出。因此只要找準并正確理解生詞的釋義，生詞的含義也就清楚了。釋義部分可以是單詞、短語，也可以是句子。在做這類題時，要注意生詞與復述部分往往構成同位語，在句中多用逗號、破折號、冒號、分號等來連接。
例：…In another survey, 79% of teens agreed that people at their age aren't careful enough when giving out information about themselves online. Besides, careless blogging can also affect blog viewers. When you are angry or frustrated, your blog is the first place you turn to. The words you post then may not be rational which you may regret later. To minimize the negative effect, change the permission setting and make such posts "private" so that only you can read them.
As long as you are careful with what you post, blogging is a great means of staying in touch with friends and displaying one's creative works.
Q: The underlined word "rational" probably means____.
A. strange
B. perfect
C. helpful
D. reasonable
[分析]通過本句中的定語從句"which you may regret later"可知，令人后悔的話肯定是不理智的、欠思考的，是不太合理的發泄或表達，所以D選項最貼近于"rational"的意思：合理的，有道理的。
2. 根據因果關系猜測詞義。因果關系總是同時出現在文章中，有時原因在前，結果在后；有時結果在前，原因在后，因此我們可以根據這一特定的邏輯關系來推測生詞的含義。
例：…Technology greatly influences our standpoint on how fast we think everything needs to be done. If you put a dollar in the soda machine, you expect the bottle to move forward and fall down to the bottom. You can't count how many times you've smacked the machine if it went too slow for your expectations. You wanted instant results, immediate fulfillment.…
Q: The underlined word "smacked" in the paragraph probably means____.
A. clapped
B. hit
C. kicked
D. pushed
[分析]從本句后半部分"if it went too slow for your expectations"可知，帶來的后果顯然是你對機器不滿意，不知道拍打了它多少次。四個選項中只有B符合。A：鼓掌，輕拍；C：踢；D：推，均不合適。
3. 根據搭配、對比關系猜測詞義。有時分析句子結構，辨別句子成分，分清搭配關系，是判斷詞義的前提，通過搭配關系得以確定劃線名詞指代的對象是人還是物。另外，轉折詞but、讓步條件狀語從句以及unlike, in spite of, despite, however等一些介詞和副詞都可以構成意義上的對比關系。
例：Fine art treasures from many countries are kept in an art museum called the Louvre in Paris, France. The works of art have been collected by the people of France over many centuries. The Louvre has not always been a museum. The first building was a fort. In 1190, it was the king's castle with high walls and a round tower. It had a moat to keep out his enemies. Over the years, the number of buildings around the castle grew. By 1350, the castle was no longer needed as a fort. The Louvre became a palace home for French kings and queens.
Q: The underlined word "moat" probably means____.
A. a high tower built in former times where soldiers watched out for enemies
B. a long and deep ditch dug round a castle and was usually filled with water
C. a cart pulled by horses on which soldiers fought
D. a long and high wall around castle
[分析]從上一句中可知，它是國王的城堡，有著高高的圍墻和圓形的塔樓，接下來提到的用來抵御敵人的moat不可能還是圍墻或塔樓，故可以排除A、D，也不可能是馬車。最符合邏輯的應該是"護城河，壕溝"，故選B
