高三英語備考總復習人教版必修3:Unit 4《 Astronomy the science of the stars》課件67張

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高三英語備考總復習人教版必修3:Unit 4《 Astronomy the science of the stars》課件67張

  必 修 3

  Units 3~Unit 4

  Astronomy: the science of the stars

  Odds(機率) of Life on Nearby Planet“100percent” Astronomer says

  An Earth-size planet has been spotted orbiting a nearby star at a distance that would makes it not too hot and not too cold—comfortable enough for life to exist, researchers announced September 29.

  If confirmed, the exoplanet, named Gliese 581g, would be the first Earth-like world found residing in a star's habitable zone—a region where a planet's temperature could sustain liquid water on its surface. And the planet's discoverers are optimistic about the prospects for finding life there.

  “Personally, I would say, my own personal feeling is that the chances of life on this planet are 100 percent,” said Steven Vogt, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California. “I have almost no doubt about it.”

  1.[教材原句]...which were to make the earth's atmosphere.(U4P26)

  [真題呈現](2008·湖北)The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly________.

  A.atmosphere  B.state

  C.situation

  D.phenomenon

  [考題巧解]

  解析:考查名詞詞義辨析。atmosphere“氣氛,氛圍”;state“狀態”;situation“形勢”;phenomenon“現象”。句意:兩國高層領導人在友好的氛圍(atmosphere)中進行談判。

  答案:A

  2.[教材原句]...have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend...(U4P30)

  [真題呈現](2010·遼寧,22)There are over 58,000 rocky objects in________space, about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth.

  A.the; the

  B./; the

  C.the; /

  D.a; the

  [考題巧解]

  解析:句意:太空中有58000多個固體物體,其中大約900多個可能掉到地球上。本題考查冠詞。in space為固定搭配,意為“在太空中”;earth為獨一無二的物體,其前要加定冠詞。

  答案:B

 ?、?單詞速記

  1.n. 天文學________→n. 天文學家________

  2.n. 系統;體系;制度________→adj. 系統的;體系的________

  3.n. 宗教;宗教信仰________→adj. 宗教的________

  4.n. 學說;理論________→adj. 理論上的________→adv. 理論上地________

  5.n. 球體;地球儀;地球________→adj. 全球性的;全世界的________

  6.adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的________→n. 猛烈;激烈________

  7.prep. 不同;不像________→(反義詞)prep.________→v. & n. 不喜歡________

  8.adj. 基本的;基礎的________→adv. 基本地______ __→n. (pl.) 基本原則________

  9.adj. 有害的________→n. 有害;傷害________→adj. 無害的________→adv. 有害地;傷害地________→n. 無害________→adv. 無害地________

  10.vi. 存在;生存________→n. 生存;存在________

  11.n. 謎;難題 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑________→adj. 令人迷惑的_______→adj. 感到迷惑的_______→n. 困惑_______

  12.n. 生物學________→n.生物學家________

  13.adj. 溫和的;文雅的________→adv. 溫柔地;溫和地________→n. 紳士________

  14.n. 物理學家________→n. 物理________→adj. 物理的________

  15.n. 氣候________→adj. 氣候的________

  16.n. 質量;團;塊;大量________

  答案:1.astronomy; astronomer 2.system; systematic3.religion; religious 4.theory; theoretical; theoretically5.globe; global 6.violent; violence 7.unlike; like; dislike8.fundamental; fundamentally; fundamentals 9.harmful;harm; harmless; harmfully; harmlessness; harmlessly 10.exist;existence 11.puzzle; puzzling; puzzled; puzzlement

  12.biology; biologist 13.gentle; gently; gentleman14.physicist; physics; physical 15.climate; climatic16.mass

 ?、?短語突破

  1.________________及時;終于

  2.________________下蛋

  3.________________產生;分娩

  4.________________輪到某人;接著

  5.________________阻止;制止

  6.________________感到高興;感到振奮

  7.________________既然

  8.________________突發;爆發

  9.________________密切注視;當心;提防

  10.________________擋住(光線)

  答案:1.in time 2.lay eggs 3.give birth to 4.in one's turn5.prevent...from 6.cheer up 7.now that 8.break out 9.watch out 10.block out

 ?、?句型總結

  1.________ ________ ________ ________ ________was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.

  隨后它會變成什么沒有人知道,直到38~45億年前,這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球狀物。

  2.This produced a chain reaction, which made______ __possible for life________ ________.

  這引起一連串的反應,使生命的生長發育成為一種可能。

  3.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried______ ________ ________ ________on the earth and fell over.

  而當我試著向前邁步的時候,我發覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。

  答案:1.What it was to become 2.it; to develop 3.twice as far as

 ?、?教材設題

  1.What is even more important is________as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

  A./B.that

  C.which

  D.how

  答案:B

  2.So________life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on________this problem can be solved.

  A.whether; if

  B.if; whether

  C.whether; whether

  D.if; if

  答案:C

  3.Walking does need a bit of practice________gravity has changed.

  A.though

  B.so that

  C.while

  D.now that

  答案:D

  1.violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的

  The_violent_scenes in the film should be cut out when they were shown on television.

  電影中更多的暴力鏡頭應在電視播放時刪除掉。

  The storm grew more_violent.

  這場暴風雨變得更加猛烈了。

  [歸納拓展]

  violent crime 暴力犯罪

  violent storm 暴風驟雨

  violently adv. 猛烈地;激烈地

  violence n. 暴力;暴行

  take...by violence 強奪……

  do violence to... 對……行兇;強暴對待……

  He condemned the protesters' use_of_violence_against the police.

  他譴責抗議者對警察使用暴力。

  [運用提升]

  翻譯句子

  (1)She shook her head violently.

  ______________________________

  (2)I took a violent dislike to her.

  ______________________________

  答案:(1)她拼命搖頭。 (2)我很討厭她。

  2.exist vi. 生存;生存

  ①(2011·山東閱讀A)There_existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen.

  過去,家庭成員和送奶工之間的關系很密切。

 ?、赥hey are paid hardly enough to exist_on.

  他們收入微薄,幾乎無法維持生活。

  [歸納拓展]

  (1)exist in 存在于……之中

  exist on 靠……為生

  There exists/existed... 某地有……;存在……

  (2)come into existence 產生;成立;開始存在

  bring into existence 使發生;產生

  in existence 存在

  Pakistan came_into_existence as an independent country after the war.

  巴基斯坦在戰后就以一個獨立的國家存在了。

  [運用提升]

  (2011·淄博模擬)________a certain doubt among the workers as to the necessity of the work.

  A. It existed

  B. There existed

  C. There had

  D. It had

  答案:B 句意:對于做這份工作的必要性,工人們存在一定的疑惑。There exists/existed...“有;存在”;相當于There be...結構。

  3.pull vt. & n. 拉(力);拖;牽引力

  [歸納拓展]

  pull apart 拆散;拆開

  pull away (汽車等)開走

  pull down 拆毀;摧毀

  pull in (車輛)進站??浚豢窟呁??/p>

  pull out 駛出;退出

  pull through 康復;痊愈

  ①They are pulling_down_those_houses to make room for a new hotel.

  為了給新旅館騰地,他們正在拆除那些房屋。

 ?、赪e waved as the train pulled_out_of_the_station.

  火車駛出車站時我們揮手告別。

 ?、跧n order to transport the machine easily, they had to pull_it_apart.

  為了更容易地運送這臺機器,他們不得不將其拆開。

  [運用提升]

  (2011·臺州模擬)I was lucky enough to get on the train before it________.

  A. pulled on

  B. pulled down

  C. pulled in

  D. pulled out

  答案:D 句意:我很幸運在火車出站前坐上車了。pull out“出站”;pull on“穿上”;pull down“拆毀”;pull in“進站”。

  4.in time 及時;終于

  ①Will you be in_time for the six o'clock train?

  你來得及趕上六點鐘的那趟火車嗎?

 ?、赮ou'll succeed in_time because you are always working hard.

  你遲早會成功的,因為你一直在努力工作。

  [歸納拓展]

  in no time 立刻;馬上

  all the time 一直;始終

  ahead of time 提前

  at no time 絕不(放在句首,句子需倒裝)

  at a time 每次;一次

  at one time 曾經

  at times

  有時

  take one's time 別著急;慢慢來

  from time to time 有時;偶爾

  kill time 消磨時間

  ①Don't recite all together; one at_a_time.

  不要一起背誦,一次一個。

 ?、贏t_no_time will smoking be permitted here.

  這里絕不允許吸煙。

  [運用提升]

  用time的相關短語填空。

  (1)The soldiers came________ ________to save her life from the big fire.

  (2)I was always sleepy________ ________.

  (3)I believe we can finish it________ ________ ________.

  (4)The old man comes to the police for help___________ _____.

  答案:(1)in time (2)at one time (3)ahead of time (4)at times

  5.cheer up 感到高興;感到振奮

  Try and cheer_up a bit; life isn't that bad.

  試著高興一點,生活并不是那樣糟糕。[歸納拓展]

  (1)cheer sb. up 使某人高興/振奮

  cheer...on 為……加油

  Cheers! 干杯

  (2)cheer n. 歡呼聲

  cheerful adj. 高興的;快樂的

  cheerfully adv. 興高采烈地

  The crowd cheered the President as he drove slowly by.

  當總統的車緩緩駛過時,群眾們向他歡呼致敬。

  We cheered the runners on as they started the last lap.

  賽跑進入最后一圈時,我們為運動員加油、鼓勵。

  [運用提升]

  (2011·萊蕪模擬)—I'm not good at dancing, you know.

  —________It's just for fun.

  A. Don't say so.

  B. Come on!

  C. What a pity!

  D. Cheer up.

  答案:B 后句句意:來吧!我們只是玩玩。come on“得了吧,來吧”;what a pity“真是遺憾”;cheer up“振作點”。

  6.now that 既然

  Now(that)you've passed your test you can drive on your own.

  你駕駛考試既已合格,就可以獨自開車了。

  [歸納拓展]

  表示原因的短語

  but for 要不是

  due to 起因于;歸功于

  because of 因為

  on account of 為了……的緣故

  owing to 因為;由于

  thanks to 多虧;由于

  辨析:now that, because, since, as, for

  (1)now that 是固定短語,意為“既然;由于”,引出原因狀語從句,that可省略。

  (2)because “因為”,表示直接的或為人所不知的原因。

  (3)since “既然”(可與now that互換),側重主句。

  (4)as“由于”,表示顯而易見或已為人所知的原因。

  (5)for“因為”,并列連詞,引導一個分句,不能置于句首。

 ?、賂he game was put off owing_to the heavy rain.

  比賽因大雨而被延期。

 ?、贖is success is due_to his hard work.

  他的成功應歸功于他的努力工作。

  點撥:now that是連詞詞組,引導原因狀語從句,口語中that可以省略。

  [運用提升]

  用now that, because, since, as和for填空。

  (1)—Why did you do this?

  —________it is good for you.

  (2)________you have known it, I wouldn't repeat it.

  (3)Wear strong shoes________we shall do a lot of walking.

  (4)It rained last night,________the ground is wet.

  (5)________you have finished your work, you can have a rest.

  答案:(1)Because (2)Since (3)as (4)for (5)Now that

  7.But when I tried to step forward I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

  而當我試著向前邁步的時候,我發覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。

  倍數的表達方式:

  (1)“A+倍數+形容詞或副詞的比較級+than+B”,表示“A比B大(長、高、寬等)多少倍”。

  (2)“A+倍數+as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。

  (3)“A+倍數+the size/height/length/width, etc.+of+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”。

  (4)A+倍數+what從句

  點撥:兩倍用twice或double,不到一倍用分數表示,三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示。

  Asia is four_times_as_large_as Europe.

  =The size of Asia is four_times_that_of Europe.

  亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

  The new building is four_times_higher_than the old one.

  新樓是舊樓的五倍高。

 ?、跿he earth is 49_times_the_size_of the moon.

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