2024屆湖南省長沙市望城區(qū)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)完形填空和閱讀理解訓(xùn)練：10（含解析）

　　長沙市望城區(qū)2024高考英語完形和閱理一輪練習(xí)10

　　[2024·云南省第一次高中畢業(yè)班復(fù)習(xí)統(tǒng)一檢測]

　　I was born is Schuyler County, Illinois. I __1__ the first twelve years there. My parents __2__on a farm about three miles southwest of the county. Living in the county, it was quite a __3__ to go to town. __4__ a circus would come to

　　Rushville, and my father and mother would take my sister, Edith, and me to __5__ the sights.

　　But the one situation that still remains so __6__ in my mind was being privileged to see the play, Uncle Tom's Cabin. I was about five years old at the time, and I had not __7__ to school yet. The play was given in a tent on a vacant lot.

　　My father and mother, with my sisters and me, __8__ to town in a carriage, drawn by a team of spirited driving __9__. Father was late getting his evening work __10__， and when we arrived at the show, there was standing __11__ only. Of course, I was too small to see well, as we were in the back of the tent, so father __12__ me up on his shoulders.

　　In the time between then and the __13__， I have sat in a large Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles and marveled(驚嘆) at the vast crowd of __14__ there. However, of all the __15__ I have witnessed, the little play, Uncle Tom's Cabin, still remains most __16__ in my mind. I did not understand __17__the moral of the play at the time, __18__in later years, when studying history, I knew it __19__ the freeing of the slaves and also the cause of the great __20__ between the North and the South. But the golden memories will be in my mind forever to remind me of the hard pleasure from the hard times.

　　1．A. delayed B. formed

　　C. experienced

　　D. spent

　　2．A. fed

　　B. decided

　　C. lived

　　D. relied

　　3．A. dinner

　　B. treat

　　C. chance

　　D. challenge

　　4．A. On occasion

　　B. In public

　　C. In advance

　　D. On time

　　5．A. meet

　　B. enjoy

　　C. miss

　　D. touch

　　6．A. vaguely

　　B. quickly

　　C. vividly

　　D. simply

　　7．A. refused

　　B. planned

　　C. reported

　　D. started

　　8．A. drove

　　B. rode

　　C. started

　　D. sent

　　9．A. cows

　　B. horses

　　C. trains

　　D. bikes

　　10．A. continued

　　B. carried

　　C. finished

　　D. managed

　　11．A. space

　　B. area

　　C. direction

　　D. room

　　12．A. held

　　B. called

　　C. took

　　D. shut

　　13．A. former

　　B. present

　　C. latter

　　D. absent

　　14．A. teachers

　　B. children

　　C. people

　　D. actresses

　　15．A. examination

　　B. entertainment

　　C. inspection

　　D. environment

　　16．A. divided

　　B. loaded

　　C. shared

　　D. fixed

　　17．A. completely

　　B. deeply

　　C. immediately

　　D. widely

　　18．A. so

　　B. and

　　C. for

　　D. but

　　19．A. contained

　　B. involved

　　C. instructed

　　D. disclosed

　　20．A. union

　　B. trouble

　　C. conflict

　　D. friendship

　　[文章大意]　作者回憶起童年在鄉(xiāng)下時和父母一起去看舞臺劇《湯姆叔叔的小屋》的一些情景。

　　1．D。這里指作者在Schuyler County, Illinois 度過的12年時光，spend 和years 形成動賓關(guān)系。

　　2．C。句中的“about three miles southwest of the county”說明這里指的是當(dāng)時作者全家居住的環(huán)境。

　　3．B。句中的“Living in the county”說明能進(jìn)一次城可真是一大樂事，treat 在這里是名詞，意為“款待；樂事”，是對當(dāng)時的情況來說一次難得的享受和放松。

　　4．A。上一句的“Living in the county”說明能看馬戲團(tuán)的演出只是偶爾才會發(fā)生的，頻率并不是很高，on occasion 意為“偶爾”，符合當(dāng)時的情境。

　　5．B。因?yàn)槟芸吹竭@樣的演出的機(jī)會并不多，所以作者的全家應(yīng)該是很享受這樣的過程，所以用 enjoy 表示“享受；欣賞”。

　　6．C。下文所描述的是作者至今難忘的一次經(jīng)歷，在他的記憶中簡直是栩栩如生，所以用vividly 指“栩栩如生地；歷歷在目地”，說明這次的經(jīng)歷印象之深刻。

　　7．D。句中的“about five years old at the time”說明當(dāng)時作者還沒有開始上學(xué)。

　　8．A。句中的 carriage 說明作者全家是乘坐一輛馬車去的。

　　9．B。句中的“drawn by a team of spirited driving”說明是由一些精神抖擻的馬兒拉著馬車前往目的地。

　　10．C。爸爸遲到的原因是因?yàn)榉且瓿晒ぷ鳎绻皇沁@樣就不會遲到了，所以用 finished。

　　11．D。既然去晚了，就沒有座位，只有可容站立的地方，這里的 room 是一個不可數(shù)名詞，和下句的“up on his shoulders”吻合。

　　12．A。句中的“too small to see well”說明作者無法看清，所以爸爸將其舉起，坐在爸爸的雙肩上讓作者欣賞。

　　13．B。本句“... have sat in a large Hollywood Bowl in Los Angeles...”說的是現(xiàn)在作者的經(jīng)歷，then 和現(xiàn)在 present 形成鮮明的對比。

　　14．C。句中的 vast crowd of 說明這里指的是觀眾之多，所以用people 指代觀眾。

　　15．B。作者為我們介紹的是帶給他娛樂享受的東西，比如上文提到的看馬戲團(tuán)的演出，看戲劇等等都是屬于生活中的娛樂。

　　16．D。本空和第二段第一句話“... remains so vividly in my mind...”吻合，說明這次記憶讓作者印象深刻，和 be fixed in the mind 吻合。

　　17．A。作者當(dāng)時尚年幼，對這個著作的寓意還不能完全理解，completely 是相對于其年齡而言。

　　18．D。作者在學(xué)習(xí)了歷史之后對這部著作里的故事才有所理解，句中前后時間對應(yīng)，形成對比，“理解”和“不理解”也形成對比，是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以用but。

　　19．B。后來作者了解了這本書和解放奴隸有關(guān)，所以用 involve 表示“相關(guān)”，而 disclose 意為“揭露”，指揭露一些不良現(xiàn)象，本空后的“the freeing of the slaves”和disclose 不能形成動賓關(guān)系。

　　20．C。本句中的 the North and the South 指的是美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)前夕北部和南部之間的矛盾，所以選擇 conflict。

　　閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　The latest research suggests that the key factor separating geniuses from the merely accomplished is not I. Q. , a generally bad predictor of success. Instead, it’s purposeful practice. Top performers spend more hours practising their craft. If you wanted to picture how a typical genius might develop, you’d take a girl who possessed a slightly above average language ability. It wouldn’t have to be a big talent, just enough so that she might gain some sense of distinction. Then you would want her to meet, say, a novelist, who coincidentally shared some similar qualities. Maybe the writer was from the same town, had the same family background, or, shared the same birthday.

　　This contact would give the girl a vision of her future self. It would give her some idea of a fascinating circle she might someday join. It would also help if one of her parents died when she was 12, giving her a strong sense of insecurity and fuelling a desperate need for success. Armed with this ambition, she would read novels and life stories of writers without end. This would give her a primary know-ledge of her field. She’d be able to see new writing in deeper ways and quickly understand its inner workings.

　　Then she would practise writing. Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused. By practising in this way, she delays the automatizing process. Her mind wants to turn conscious, newly learned skills into unconscious, automatically performed skills. By practising slowly, by breaking skills down into tiny parts and repeating, she forces the brain to internalize a better pattern of performance. Then she would find an adviser who would provide a constant stream of feedback, viewing her performance from the outside, correcting the smallest errors, pushing her to take on tougher challenges. By now she is redoing problems—how do I get characters into a room—dozens and dozens of times. She is establishing habits of thought she can call upon in order to understand or solve future problems.

　　The primary quality our young writer possesses is not some mysterious genius. It’s the ability to develop a purposeful, laborious and boring practice routine. The latest research takes some of the magic out of great achievement. But it underlines a fact that is often neglected. Public discussion is affected by genetics and what we’re “hard-wired” to do. And it’s true that genes play a role in our capabilities. But the brain is also very plastic. We construct ourselves through behaviour.

　　1. The passage mainly deals with　.　

　　A. the function of I. Q. in cultivating a writer

　　B. the relationship between genius and success

　　C. the decisive factor in making a genius

　　D. the way of gaining some sense of distinction

　　2. By reading novels and writers’ stories, the girl could　.　

　　A. come to understand the inner structure of writing

　　B. join a fascinating circle of writers someday

　　C. share with a novelist her likes and dislikes

　　D. learn from the living examples to establish a sense of security

　　3. In the girl’s long painstaking training process, 　.　

　　A. her adviser forms a primary challenging force to her success

　　B. her writing turns into an automatic pattern of performance

　　C. she acquires the magic of some great achievements

　　D. she comes to realize she is “hard-wired” to write

　　4. What can be concluded from the passage?

　　A. A fuelling ambition plays a leading role in one’s success.

　　B. A responsible adviser is more important than the knowledge of writing.

　　C. As to the growth of a genius, I. Q. doesn’t matter, but just his/her efforts.

　　D. What really matters is what you do rather than who you are.

　　【參考答案】1—4、CABD

　　2024高考英語閱讀理解（科普類說明文）【2024·四川】E

　　No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo. But a new study suggests they used a little rock‘n’roll. Long-ago builders could have attached wooden pole s to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.

　　“Technically, I think what they’re proposing is possible,” physicist Daniel Bonn said.

　　People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks. And there’s no obvious answer. On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck. The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.

　　The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths. Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板). Then they would have dragged them along paths. To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated the paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle. Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.

　　Evidence from the sand supports this idea. Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.

　　However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way , who led the new study . West said , “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction . I thought , ‘Why don’t they just try rolling the things?’“A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides , he realized . That , he notes , should make a block of stone” a lot easier to roll than a square”.

　　So he tried it.

　　He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30-kilogram stone block. That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel. Then they placed the block on the ground.

　　They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled. The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths. They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.

　　West hasn’t tested his idea on larger blocks, but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding. At least, workers wouldn’t have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.

　　46.It’s widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by ______.

　　A. rolling them on roads

　　B. pushing them over the sand

　　C. sliding them on smooth paths

　　D. dragging them on some poles

　　47.The underlined part “l(fā)ubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means____.

　　A. made the path wet

　　B. made the path hard

　　C. made the path wide

　　D. made the path slippery

　　48.What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?

　　A. Rolling the blocks with poles attached.

　　B. Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.

　　C. Rolling poles to move the blocks.

　　D. Rolling the blocks with fat.

　　49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West ?

　　A. Because more force is needed for sliding.

　　B. Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.

　　C. Because sliding on smooth road is more dangerous.

　　D. Because less preparation on path is needed for rolling.

　　50.What is the text mainly about ?

　　A. An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　B. An application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　C. An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　D. An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.

　　【解析】

　　試題分析：本文主要講述的是關(guān)于金字塔的建造，不同的專家有著不同的見解。這篇文章主要講述了兩種看法。

　　46.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段的The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.可知選擇C。

　　47.D 詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的To make the work easier,以及下文的either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.可知，這樣做是為了讓路更加平滑，故選擇D。

　　【考點(diǎn)定位】考查說明文閱讀

　　【名師點(diǎn)睛】本篇文章考查了科普說明文的閱讀?？破照f明文是高考閱讀理解中的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。在閱讀此類文章時，考生會覺得篇幅長、生詞多、邏輯性強(qiáng)、長句多、話題陌生且枯燥，表達(dá)方式專業(yè)化。因此，要求考生要掌握相對的解題技巧與能力。設(shè)題時，常會考查生詞詞義判斷題，如要求考生從上下文理解中概括出生詞詞義。以及代詞指代判斷題，如，此類試題常以it、them等代詞為命題特色，要求考生推斷其指代對象。通常在上文出現(xiàn)。