2024屆高考英語二輪復習隨堂訓練：單項填空 2代詞、介詞和介詞短語（含解析）
隨堂訓練
1. By 2025, when the number of consumers worldwide has reached 4. 2 billion, people with high income will be, for the first time, more than ______ struggling to meet basic needs.
A. oneB. thatC. onesD. those
【解析】選D。句意: 到2025年, 全世界消費者的人數將達到42億, 高收入的人將首次超過還在想方設法來滿足生活基本需要的人。根據句子中提到的people及struggling to meet basic needs可知句中填入的部分應為可數名詞復數, 且為特指, 故用those。
【知識拓展】
that作替代詞, 替代單數名詞時, 指同類不同個(另一個同類物品)。that和those總是伴隨著限定性的后置修飾語, that=the one, those=the ones。one的復數形式ones只能替代可數名詞復數。它也必須帶有一個限定或修飾詞。
2. My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, that is worth respecting for ever.
A. that B. one
C. it
D. what
【解析】選B。句意: 我的最好的朋友從冰河中救出了兩個溺水的男孩。他是一個善良勇敢的人, 一個值得永遠尊敬的人。根據句意, 填入的部分應為“一個人”即a person, 可用one替代, 表示泛指一個人或物。
3. (2024·寧波模擬)To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with______.
A. neither
B. both
C. any
D. either
【解析】選D。句意: 對英國人來說, 加拿大人可能聽起來是美國的; 對美國人來說, 他們可能聽起來是英國的。加拿大人自己堅持不被視為兩者中的任何一種。either指兩者中任何一個; neither兩者都不; both兩者都; any指三者或三者以上的任何一個。
4. —Who can believe that Carl, a shy man, should have fought with his boss?
—Well, if one means trouble, just can’t be helped.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. it
【解析】選D。句意: ——誰能相信卡爾這樣一個膽小怕事的人竟然和他的老板打架了? ——如果一個人故意找麻煩的話, 那就沒辦法了。it(just)can’t be helped為固定句型結構, 常用于表示“沒有辦法, 無可奈何, 無法控制, 無法避免”之意。
5. Change can be scary, but it’s during transformations that some of the best opportunities present______.
A. it B. one
C. those
D. themselves
【解析】選D。句意: 變化可能會令人恐懼, 但是就是在變化過程中, 一些最好的機遇也會自己呈現出來。themselves為反身代詞, 作動詞present的賓語。
6. China has made ______ clear to the world that in the course of its development it seeks for both golden, silver hills and clean water, green mountains as well.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
【解析】選C。句意: 中國已經向世界表明了在其發展過程中它既要金山銀山, 也要綠水青山。本句中it作動詞make的形式賓語, 代替后面的that引導的真正的賓語從句。
7. Life is not easy nowadays, when young people have tremendous pressure______ schooling and employment.
A. on behalf of B. in terms of
C. in honour of
D. in defence of
【解析】選B。句意: 時下生活不是很容易, 年輕人在接受學校教育和就業方面都有很大的壓力。on behalf of代表, 為了; in terms of從……角度而言, 在……方面; in honour of為了紀念, 為了慶祝; in defence of為了保衛, 為了保護。
8. (2024·蘇錫常鎮二調)One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily______the night sky.
A. in
B. on
C. against
D. across
【解析】選C。句意: 油田的一個油井還在燃燒, 巨大的火蛇在夜空的映襯下肆虐地盤旋。in表示在……范圍中, 雖然也有in the night sky的說法, 但句意不符: on在……之上, 關于, 在……的時候; against在本句中意為“與……(形成)對照, 與……襯托; 以……為背景”; across穿過, 橫穿(從表面上經過)。
9. (2024·池州模擬)In today’s world, all children should be equipped with an education that prepares them for success______sex or origin.
A. regardless of
B. in spite of
C. apart from
D. rather than
【解析】選A。句意: 在今天這個世界上, 不論性別和出身, 所有的孩子都要接受教育, 為他們成功做好準備。regardless of不顧, 不管; in spite of雖然, 盡管; apart from除了……之外; rather than而不是。
【誤區警示】
regardless of和in spite of雖然在翻譯時都譯為“不管, 不顧”, 但兩者在用法上仍然有差別。regardless of重點強調對regardless of之后的內容不予考慮; in spite of強調轉折, 通常是取“盡管”之意。
例如: Regardless of the warnings from the family, the young man went to Iraq. 不顧家人的警告, 年輕人去了伊拉克。
In spite of the hard life he was living, he remained positive about everything.
盡管生活艱辛, 他仍然對所有一切都很樂觀。
【加固訓練】
(2024·鄂州模擬)This urban special school always accepts hearing-impaired students,
their educational level and background.
A. according to B. regardless of
C. in addition to
D. in terms of
【解析】選B。句意: 這所城市特教學?？偸墙邮章犃κ軗p的孩子, 不管這些孩子所接受的教育和背景如何。regardless of不管, 無視, 不考慮; according to根據; in addition to除……以外(還); in terms of從……角度而言。
10. Another distinguishing feature of the Shanghai auto show was the many environmentally friendly vehicles______.
A. on watch
B. on business
C. on duty
D. on display
【解析】選D。句意: 這次上海車展的另外一個顯著的特點是有眾多的環保車輛在展出。on watch值班, 監視; on business因事出差; on duty值班; on display展覽, 公開展示。
11. (2024·鎮江模擬)The Internet Plus will bring about the fourth industrial revolution for manufacturing ______ the conventional business models.
A. in charge of
B. in contrast to
C. in defense of
D. in proportion to
【解析】選B。句意: 與傳統的商業模式形成對比的是, 互聯網+將會帶來制造業的第四次工業革命。in charge of主管, 負責; in contrast to與……相對照; in defense of為……辯護, 防衛; in proportion to與……相稱, 與……成比例。
12. (2024·寧波模擬)Some members went so wild that they strongly demanded to know why they had been kept______the true facts until the present stage.
A. in view of
B. in ignorance of
C. in place of
D. in favor of
【解析】選B。句意: 有些成員氣得都要發瘋了, 他們強烈要求了解為什么直到現階段還沒讓他們知道真相。in view of考慮到, 鑒于; in ignorance of不知道; in place of代替; in favor of支持, 有利于。
隨堂訓練
1. By 2025, when the number of consumers worldwide has reached 4. 2 billion, people with high income will be, for the first time, more than ______ struggling to meet basic needs.
A. oneB. thatC. onesD. those
【解析】選D。句意: 到2025年, 全世界消費者的人數將達到42億, 高收入的人將首次超過還在想方設法來滿足生活基本需要的人。根據句子中提到的people及struggling to meet basic needs可知句中填入的部分應為可數名詞復數, 且為特指, 故用those。
【知識拓展】
that作替代詞, 替代單數名詞時, 指同類不同個(另一個同類物品)。that和those總是伴隨著限定性的后置修飾語, that=the one, those=the ones。one的復數形式ones只能替代可數名詞復數。它也必須帶有一個限定或修飾詞。
2. My best friend who saved the two drowning boys from the freezing river is a kind and brave person, that is worth respecting for ever.
A. that B. one
C. it
D. what
【解析】選B。句意: 我的最好的朋友從冰河中救出了兩個溺水的男孩。他是一個善良勇敢的人, 一個值得永遠尊敬的人。根據句意, 填入的部分應為“一個人”即a person, 可用one替代, 表示泛指一個人或物。
3. (2024·寧波模擬)To British people, Canadians may sound American; to Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with______.
A. neither
B. both
C. any
D. either
【解析】選D。句意: 對英國人來說, 加拿大人可能聽起來是美國的; 對美國人來說, 他們可能聽起來是英國的。加拿大人自己堅持不被視為兩者中的任何一種。either指兩者中任何一個; neither兩者都不; both兩者都; any指三者或三者以上的任何一個。
4. —Who can believe that Carl, a shy man, should have fought with his boss?
—Well, if one means trouble, just can’t be helped.
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. it
【解析】選D。句意: ——誰能相信卡爾這樣一個膽小怕事的人竟然和他的老板打架了? ——如果一個人故意找麻煩的話, 那就沒辦法了。it(just)can’t be helped為固定句型結構, 常用于表示“沒有辦法, 無可奈何, 無法控制, 無法避免”之意。
5. Change can be scary, but it’s during transformations that some of the best opportunities present______.
A. it B. one
C. those
D. themselves
【解析】選D。句意: 變化可能會令人恐懼, 但是就是在變化過程中, 一些最好的機遇也會自己呈現出來。themselves為反身代詞, 作動詞present的賓語。
6. China has made ______ clear to the world that in the course of its development it seeks for both golden, silver hills and clean water, green mountains as well.
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
【解析】選C。句意: 中國已經向世界表明了在其發展過程中它既要金山銀山, 也要綠水青山。本句中it作動詞make的形式賓語, 代替后面的that引導的真正的賓語從句。
7. Life is not easy nowadays, when young people have tremendous pressure______ schooling and employment.
A. on behalf of B. in terms of
C. in honour of
D. in defence of
【解析】選B。句意: 時下生活不是很容易, 年輕人在接受學校教育和就業方面都有很大的壓力。on behalf of代表, 為了; in terms of從……角度而言, 在……方面; in honour of為了紀念, 為了慶祝; in defence of為了保衛, 為了保護。
8. (2024·蘇錫常鎮二調)One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily______the night sky.
A. in
B. on
C. against
D. across
【解析】選C。句意: 油田的一個油井還在燃燒, 巨大的火蛇在夜空的映襯下肆虐地盤旋。in表示在……范圍中, 雖然也有in the night sky的說法, 但句意不符: on在……之上, 關于, 在……的時候; against在本句中意為“與……(形成)對照, 與……襯托; 以……為背景”; across穿過, 橫穿(從表面上經過)。
9. (2024·池州模擬)In today’s world, all children should be equipped with an education that prepares them for success______sex or origin.
A. regardless of
B. in spite of
C. apart from
D. rather than
【解析】選A。句意: 在今天這個世界上, 不論性別和出身, 所有的孩子都要接受教育, 為他們成功做好準備。regardless of不顧, 不管; in spite of雖然, 盡管; apart from除了……之外; rather than而不是。
【誤區警示】
regardless of和in spite of雖然在翻譯時都譯為“不管, 不顧”, 但兩者在用法上仍然有差別。regardless of重點強調對regardless of之后的內容不予考慮; in spite of強調轉折, 通常是取“盡管”之意。
例如: Regardless of the warnings from the family, the young man went to Iraq. 不顧家人的警告, 年輕人去了伊拉克。
In spite of the hard life he was living, he remained positive about everything.
盡管生活艱辛, 他仍然對所有一切都很樂觀。
【加固訓練】
(2024·鄂州模擬)This urban special school always accepts hearing-impaired students,
their educational level and background.
A. according to B. regardless of
C. in addition to
D. in terms of
【解析】選B。句意: 這所城市特教學?？偸墙邮章犃κ軗p的孩子, 不管這些孩子所接受的教育和背景如何。regardless of不管, 無視, 不考慮; according to根據; in addition to除……以外(還); in terms of從……角度而言。
10. Another distinguishing feature of the Shanghai auto show was the many environmentally friendly vehicles______.
A. on watch
B. on business
C. on duty
D. on display
【解析】選D。句意: 這次上海車展的另外一個顯著的特點是有眾多的環保車輛在展出。on watch值班, 監視; on business因事出差; on duty值班; on display展覽, 公開展示。
11. (2024·鎮江模擬)The Internet Plus will bring about the fourth industrial revolution for manufacturing ______ the conventional business models.
A. in charge of
B. in contrast to
C. in defense of
D. in proportion to
【解析】選B。句意: 與傳統的商業模式形成對比的是, 互聯網+將會帶來制造業的第四次工業革命。in charge of主管, 負責; in contrast to與……相對照; in defense of為……辯護, 防衛; in proportion to與……相稱, 與……成比例。
12. (2024·寧波模擬)Some members went so wild that they strongly demanded to know why they had been kept______the true facts until the present stage.
A. in view of
B. in ignorance of
C. in place of
D. in favor of
【解析】選B。句意: 有些成員氣得都要發瘋了, 他們強烈要求了解為什么直到現階段還沒讓他們知道真相。in view of考慮到, 鑒于; in ignorance of不知道; in place of代替; in favor of支持, 有利于。
