2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測:必修4 語法專題復(fù)習(xí) 動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)(2)(講)(解析版)
(講)-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(解析版)
動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)(2)
語法知識精動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點,。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點:
要把握各種時態(tài)的特點,注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異;準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義,捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息;要克服漢語式的慣性思維,排除誤導(dǎo),培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。
高考中常考的時態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去完成進(jìn)行時等等。
學(xué)習(xí)時要注意總結(jié)規(guī)律,靈活使用,特別要注意一些時態(tài)的特殊用法。今后時態(tài)和語態(tài)還將是高考中的重點和難點所在。
201考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)是兩個非常重要的語法范疇構(gòu)成了英語語法的基本框架,幾乎所有動詞的考查都必須要借助于時態(tài)和語態(tài)來完成。試題在考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時,還兼顧其它語法內(nèi)容的測試,比如各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝等,其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點尤為明顯。其考點主要包括:
1、考查時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時將來進(jìn)行時等。
2、考查各種時態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。如:一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時;一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時;一般過去時和過去完成時等。
、考查不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等。
表示“希望、意圖”的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。
、考查主動形式表被動意義的情況。當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;
當(dāng)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時;
當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。
be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。
在“be +?形容詞?+ to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
【考點pk】
名師考點透析
考點一、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)考查表示按時間表將要發(fā)生的動作或事件
例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.
A. takes
B. took
C. will be taken
D. has taken
(3)考查表示普遍真理、事實
例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called
B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
【解析】盡管我們橫渡太平洋是幾個月前的事情,但是海洋的名稱是存在的事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時,答案是B。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
(1)考查表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事
例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
【解析】句中的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以現(xiàn)在汽車正在被修理,故答案選C。
例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone
B. will phone
C. were phoning
D. are phoning
【解析】因為我獲了獎,所以這段時間老有人給我打電話怎樣花這筆錢,答案應(yīng)是D。
(3)考查表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作、即將開始或結(jié)束的動作
常用的這類動詞有:go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。
例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
主要考查表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況
例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and
education.
A. were being designed
B. have designed
C. have been designed
D. were designed
2.過去進(jìn)行時
(1)考查表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)未完成
例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.
A. did
B. has done
C. was doing
D. had done
【解析】從對話中不知道Sam有沒有完成作業(yè),所以今天上午他正在做,正確答案為C。
(2)考查表示過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作
例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
【解析】“我”剛剛完成手頭的工作,將要去洗澡,所以答案是D。
一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別如下:
一般過去時:完成性
過去進(jìn)行時:未完成
考點三、現(xiàn)成完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時
(2)考查表示一個從過去某個時間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作
例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served
B. is serving
C. had served
D. has served
【解析】此題中的時間狀語all his life 說明我的朋友從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在奧委會工作,答案應(yīng)是D。
例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.
A. appears
B. appeared
C. has appeared
D. is appearing
考點四、 主動表示被動的三種情況
1. 不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。
常見動詞是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
2. 一些連系動詞的主動式+形容詞。
常見動詞是:look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
請同學(xué)們看下面一道題:
例16The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours.
A. was tasted; was sold
B. tasted; was sold
C. was tasted; sold
D. tasted; would sell
【解析】根據(jù)所給情景,taste應(yīng)為連系動詞,英語中連系動詞不用被動語態(tài),所以第一空填tasted,后半句意為“烤鴨兩小時內(nèi)被賣掉很多”,所以答案為B。
上題可以變化如下:
3. 五個“發(fā)生”: happen, take place, occur to, break out,come about等。
例18is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years.
A. It; are held
B. As; take place
C. That; happen
D. As; break out
【解析】本題考查定語從句和表示“發(fā)生”等詞的用法。A項it 不對,are held正確,改成以下句子正確:It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D項中That與break out不妥,B項中as引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the Olympic ... 整個句子,take place相當(dāng)于are held,所以答案為B。
【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
62. was allowed考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知作者是被允許走近這些動物, be allowed to do sth“被允許做某事”。
【2024·全國新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and
49
(be) too violent for use at the table.
49. were考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用,believed后跟一個賓語從句,and連接了兩個并列的謂語,主語knives是復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則,這里用一般過去時,故填were。
3.【2024·上海】(B)
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【2024·四川】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The giant panda 41
(love) by people throughout the world.
Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49
(drive)the young panda away.
41.is loved 句意:大熊貓被全世界的人喜歡。根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),The giant panda是單數(shù)第三人稱形式,故填is loved。
49.drove
句意:然后,兩年半后媽媽讓小熊貓離開。根據(jù)句意可知用一般過去時態(tài),故填drove。
1.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】短文改錯(10 分)
Some people even had to wait outside
3. had →have
考查動詞時態(tài)。 文章是介紹現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。
2.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)II】短文改錯(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)
We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
2.chose改為choose 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”才可以在句中作為謂語部分,而本句中chose是過去式。
3.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)III】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
56. tell—told考查時態(tài)。通篇回憶過去的事情,使用的一般過去時,故把tell改為told。
4.【2024·四川】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
Mom was grateful and moving.
10.moving---moved
句意:媽媽即感激有感動。故把moving---moved。
【2024·浙江】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us
70.【答案】was改成were
考點:考查主謂一致
71.【答案】knowing改成know
【解析】
試題分析:pretend后面接不定式作賓語,這里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。
考點:考查動詞不定式
(講)-2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(解析版)
動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)(2)
語法知識精動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是歷年高考的重點,。應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點:
要把握各種時態(tài)的特點,注意易混淆時態(tài)間的差異;準(zhǔn)確理解具體語境下時態(tài)的正確意義,捕捉句子中所隱含的時間信息;要克服漢語式的慣性思維,排除誤導(dǎo),培養(yǎng)發(fā)散性思維。
高考中常考的時態(tài)有一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時、將來進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時、過去完成進(jìn)行時等等。
學(xué)習(xí)時要注意總結(jié)規(guī)律,靈活使用,特別要注意一些時態(tài)的特殊用法。今后時態(tài)和語態(tài)還將是高考中的重點和難點所在。
201考綱解讀和近幾年考點分布動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)是兩個非常重要的語法范疇構(gòu)成了英語語法的基本框架,幾乎所有動詞的考查都必須要借助于時態(tài)和語態(tài)來完成。試題在考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)的同時,還兼顧其它語法內(nèi)容的測試,比如各種從句、強(qiáng)調(diào)、倒裝等,其交叉式和復(fù)合式的特點尤為明顯。其考點主要包括:
1、考查時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般將來時現(xiàn)在完成時將來進(jìn)行時等。
2、考查各種時態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。如:一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時;一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時;一般過去時和過去完成時等。
、考查不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。表示狀態(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
表示歸屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等。
表示“希望、意圖”的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。
、考查主動形式表被動意義的情況。當(dāng)feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;
當(dāng)cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等詞帶狀語修飾語時;
當(dāng)break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關(guān)閉、制定”等意思時want, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。
be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。
在“be +?形容詞?+ to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。
另外:be to blame(受譴責(zé)),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
【考點pk】
名師考點透析
考點一、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
1.一般現(xiàn)在時
(1)考查表示按時間表將要發(fā)生的動作或事件
例1—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.
A. takes
B. took
C. will be taken
D. has taken
(3)考查表示普遍真理、事實
例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called
B. is called
C. had been called
D. has been called
【解析】盡管我們橫渡太平洋是幾個月前的事情,但是海洋的名稱是存在的事實,所以用一般現(xiàn)在時,答案是B。
2.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
(1)考查表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或發(fā)生的事
例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired
B. is repaired
C. is being repaired
D. has been repaired
【解析】句中的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài),所以現(xiàn)在汽車正在被修理,故答案選C。
例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. People _______ to ask how I am going to spend the money.
A. phone
B. will phone
C. were phoning
D. are phoning
【解析】因為我獲了獎,所以這段時間老有人給我打電話怎樣花這筆錢,答案應(yīng)是D。
(3)考查表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進(jìn)行的動作、即將開始或結(jié)束的動作
常用的這類動詞有:go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。
例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.
A. takes off
B. is taking off
C. has taken off
D. took off
主要考查表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況
例8It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and
education.
A. were being designed
B. have designed
C. have been designed
D. were designed
2.過去進(jìn)行時
(1)考查表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作,強(qiáng)調(diào)未完成
例10—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.
A. did
B. has done
C. was doing
D. had done
【解析】從對話中不知道Sam有沒有完成作業(yè),所以今天上午他正在做,正確答案為C。
(2)考查表示過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作
例11—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
【解析】“我”剛剛完成手頭的工作,將要去洗澡,所以答案是D。
一般過去時與過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別如下:
一般過去時:完成性
過去進(jìn)行時:未完成
考點三、現(xiàn)成完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時
(2)考查表示一個從過去某個時間開始,延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作
例13My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served
B. is serving
C. had served
D. has served
【解析】此題中的時間狀語all his life 說明我的朋友從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在奧委會工作,答案應(yīng)是D。
例14My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.
A. appears
B. appeared
C. has appeared
D. is appearing
考點四、 主動表示被動的三種情況
1. 不及物動詞與狀語連用,用以表示主語的品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)。
常見動詞是:cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
2. 一些連系動詞的主動式+形容詞。
常見動詞是:look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
請同學(xué)們看下面一道題:
例16The roast duck_______delicious and a lot_______in two hours.
A. was tasted; was sold
B. tasted; was sold
C. was tasted; sold
D. tasted; would sell
【解析】根據(jù)所給情景,taste應(yīng)為連系動詞,英語中連系動詞不用被動語態(tài),所以第一空填tasted,后半句意為“烤鴨兩小時內(nèi)被賣掉很多”,所以答案為B。
上題可以變化如下:
3. 五個“發(fā)生”: happen, take place, occur to, break out,come about等。
例18is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______every four years.
A. It; are held
B. As; take place
C. That; happen
D. As; break out
【解析】本題考查定語從句和表示“發(fā)生”等詞的用法。A項it 不對,are held正確,改成以下句子正確:It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D項中That與break out不妥,B項中as引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾the Olympic ... 整個句子,take place相當(dāng)于are held,所以答案為B。
【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.
62. was allowed考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知作者是被允許走近這些動物, be allowed to do sth“被允許做某事”。
【2024·全國新課標(biāo)III】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and
49
(be) too violent for use at the table.
49. were考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知,這里指的是刀子因太暴力而不適合在餐桌上使用,believed后跟一個賓語從句,and連接了兩個并列的謂語,主語knives是復(fù)數(shù),根據(jù)時態(tài)一致的原則,這里用一般過去時,故填were。
3.【2024·上海】(B)
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness.
【2024·四川】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
The giant panda 41
(love) by people throughout the world.
Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49
(drive)the young panda away.
41.is loved 句意:大熊貓被全世界的人喜歡。根據(jù)句意可知用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài),The giant panda是單數(shù)第三人稱形式,故填is loved。
49.drove
句意:然后,兩年半后媽媽讓小熊貓離開。根據(jù)句意可知用一般過去時態(tài),故填drove。
1.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)I】短文改錯(10 分)
Some people even had to wait outside
3. had →have
考查動詞時態(tài)。 文章是介紹現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時。
2.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)II】短文改錯(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)
We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.
2.chose改為choose 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。“情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形”才可以在句中作為謂語部分,而本句中chose是過去式。
3.【2024·全國新課標(biāo)III】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
They always tell me what to do and how to do it.
56. tell—told考查時態(tài)。通篇回憶過去的事情,使用的一般過去時,故把tell改為told。
4.【2024·四川】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
Mom was grateful and moving.
10.moving---moved
句意:媽媽即感激有感動。故把moving---moved。
【2024·浙江】短文改錯(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)
He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us
70.【答案】was改成were
考點:考查主謂一致
71.【答案】knowing改成know
【解析】
試題分析:pretend后面接不定式作賓語,這里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。
考點:考查動詞不定式