2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)復(fù)習(xí)：Unit 4 Pygmalion（新人教版選修8）
Unit 4 Pygmalion
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2024·沈陽(yáng)一模)
When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London, a very interesting place, to try his fortune.
There were the famous London Bridge and St. Paul's Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.
Then, too, there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights, scholars and highwaymen (攔路強(qiáng)盜)or thieves who had been infamous for their clever robberies, passed by each other.
Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy, Spain and France; slaves from Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.
Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town's residents. Each one told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men's interests that make up the great world.
And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.
文章大意：本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦后的經(jīng)歷，他很快適應(yīng)了那里的生活，并把自己所觀察到的事情融入自己的創(chuàng)作。
1．What was London like in Shakespeare's eyes when he first went there?
A．Dirty and small.
B．Strange and interesting.
C．Infamous and terrible.
D．Familiar and modern.
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these strange sights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，倫敦是一個(gè)有趣而陌生的城市，即B項(xiàng)正確。
2．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?
A．Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London.
B．Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.
C．Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life.
D．Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Shakespeare來(lái)到倫敦不久之后，通過(guò)觀察和學(xué)習(xí)了解了倫敦，并適應(yīng)了那里的生活，由此可推斷出，Shakespeare擅長(zhǎng)觀察日常生活并從中學(xué)習(xí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Crowd. B．Sight.
C．Face. D．Resident.
答案：B 詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞后的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”的意思為“正如他以前所學(xué)到的田野和樹(shù)林的秘密那樣”，根據(jù)這句話可知，one指的是像田野和樹(shù)林一樣的景象，故B項(xiàng)正確。
4．The passage probably comes from________.
A．a(chǎn) poster B．a(chǎn) textbook
C．a(chǎn)n advertisement D．a(chǎn)n announcement
答案：B 推理判斷題。本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦的經(jīng)歷，所以這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在一本教材中，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2024·山東省威海市二模)
Big cats have existed on the earth for millions of years, though scientists aren't sure exactly how long. But a new study indicates that a skull(顱骨) of a snow leopard(豹) relative that was recently unearthed is 4.4 million years old. That makes it the oldest big cat fossil(化石) ever found.
A team of US and Chinese scientists unearthed the skull in Tibet. This creature is not a direct ancestor to big cats, but it is closely related to the snow leopard, study leader Jack Tseng told the Associated Press. The fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in Asia and spread out from there.
Big cats are at the top of the food chain and have few predators of their own. Big cats include snow leopards, clouded leopards, tigers and lions. Based on genetic judgements, most scientists believe they first existed in Central Asia. But previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in Africa.
The new fossil findings were published in the November 13 issue of the science journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Tseng and his team were fossil hunting in the Himalayas in 2010 when they discovered some bones, including the buried cat skull. The researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil. The skull indicates that the animal was about the size of a clouded leopard, which can grow up to 50 pounds. In 2024, the team returned to unearth more cat bones.
David Polly from Indiana University told the Associated Press that the fossil is “convincingly older than the_current_record_holder”. He added that there could be even older big cat fossils in the Tibetan plateau to uncover.
文章大意：本文講述了最新考古發(fā)現(xiàn)——一個(gè)大型貓科動(dòng)物的顱骨化石。
5．What does the newly unearthed skull prove?
A．Big cats might have their origins in Asia.
B．The oldest fossil is 4.4 million years old.
C．The snow leopard is the oldest big cat.
D．The skull is of big cats' direct ancestor.
答案：A 推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句話“The fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in Asia and spread out from there.”可推知，該化石使我們相信大型貓科動(dòng)物起源于亞洲，然后繁衍到其他地方。
6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．relatives. B．enemies.
C．partners. D．protectors
答案：B 猜測(cè)詞義題。所在句意為“大型貓科動(dòng)物位于食物鏈的頂端，所以幾乎沒(méi)有天敵”。
7．How do the researchers know the skull's age?
A．By measuring its size and forehead.
B．By examining other bones around it.
C．By studying its chemical composition.
D．By exploring the rocks and soil around it.
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第三句話“The researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil.”可知，通過(guò)研究化石周圍的巖石和土壤來(lái)測(cè)量化石的年代。
8．Where was “the current record holder” in the last paragraph found?
A．Asia. B．Africa.
C．America. D．Australia.
答案：B 推理判斷題。畫線詞意為“現(xiàn)在的紀(jì)錄保持者”，應(yīng)該指的是新化石發(fā)現(xiàn)之前的最古老的化石；而第三段最后一句話“But previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in Africa.”可知，它是在非洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
Ⅱ.七選五
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。
Many people want to grow their own garden, but the simply do not have the room. Do not worry. __1__ Consider container gardening.
The great thing about container gardening is that you can use a variety of different containers. __2__ You could create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blocks, hanging baskets, clay pots, or window boxes. There are so many options when it comes to container gardening; it is only limited by your imagination.
Of course, you will want to take the following into consideration when you are ready to begin container gardening, in order for it to be successful. First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood. __3__ Second, with any container that you choose, you need to ensure that it has adequate drainage(排水系統(tǒng)). It may be necessary for you to create holes in the container to help this along. You should also make sure the containers are placed on a raised surface, not upon the floor, to ensure the best possible drainage. Third, ensure that the containers you choose are appropriate in size for the plants you choose. __4__
If you like fresh veggies, you could consider container gardening with vegetables. This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. __5__ They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.
A．You simply have to use your imagination.
B．You need to prevent the roots from overgrowing the container.
C．There is a solution.
D．Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area.
E．It's not hard.
F．This could lead to the sudden death of your flowers and the failure of your container garden.
G. Some gardeners have different views.
文章大意：本文是說(shuō)明文。你曾經(jīng)為沒(méi)有足夠大的場(chǎng)地種植園藝而苦惱嗎？何不試試容器園藝呢？
1．C 本文提供了一種在缺乏場(chǎng)地、空間不足時(shí)種植園藝的解決方案，也就是容器園藝，因而答案為C。
2．A 本段提到了各種各樣用來(lái)進(jìn)行種植的容器，最后一句說(shuō)明容器的選擇只受想象力的制約，由此可知答案為A。
3．F 由前一句可知，裝過(guò)化學(xué)品的容器，或是經(jīng)過(guò)防腐處理的木質(zhì)容器，是不利于種植的，因此答案為F。
4．B 由前一句可知，容器的大小應(yīng)該合適，由常識(shí)可知，大的容器浪費(fèi)空間、小的容器會(huì)盛不下植物，由此可知答案為B。
5．D 本段主要講種植蔬菜和花卉的過(guò)程是不同的，同時(shí)提供了建議，由后一句可判斷設(shè)空處的句子是建議的內(nèi)容，因此答案為D。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
Dear American guests，
On behalf for our school, I would like to express our warmly welcome to you. We are lucky to have us here in the middle of our English Week activities.
As scheduled, we had English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and spoken. The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story told and so on. The Show will begin at two o'clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcome to take a part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit great from your presence.
I sincerely hope you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
答案：
Dear American guests，
On behalf
our school, I would like to express our
welcome to you. We are lucky to have
here in the middle of our English Week activities.
As scheduled, we
English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is
develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and . The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story
and so on. The Show will begin at two o'clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcome to take
a
part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit
from your presence.
I sincerely
you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
1．命題立意：考查介詞短語(yǔ)。
解析：for→of on behalf of “代表”是固定搭配。
2．命題立意：考查形容詞。
解析：warmly→warm welcome這兒是名詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)用warm作定語(yǔ)。
3．命題立意：考查代詞。
解析：us→you 邏輯錯(cuò)誤；這兒應(yīng)當(dāng)用you代指American guests。
4．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：had→have today表示“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
5．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：develop前加to 不定式作表語(yǔ)；不可以用動(dòng)詞原形直接作表語(yǔ)。
6．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：spoken→speaking 介詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，speaking與listening并列。
7．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：told→telling 最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是，看看前面的word spelling。
8．命題立意：考查冠詞。
解析：去掉a take part in 參加是固定短語(yǔ)，當(dāng)part前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)前加不定冠詞。
9．命題立意：考查副詞。
解析：great→greatly greatly作狀語(yǔ)，修飾benefit。
10．命題立意：考查動(dòng)詞。
解析：hope→wish hope不能接雙賓語(yǔ)，用wish
Unit 4 Pygmalion
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2024·沈陽(yáng)一模)
When Shakespeare was twenty-one, he went to London, a very interesting place, to try his fortune.
There were the famous London Bridge and St. Paul's Cathedral, and palaces and markets and long streets full of shops.
Then, too, there were the daily crowds where could be seen people from all over the world. Knights, scholars and highwaymen (攔路強(qiáng)盜)or thieves who had been infamous for their clever robberies, passed by each other.
Here, also, were noblemen dressed in gold, from Italy, Spain and France; slaves from Spanish America, sea captains and ministers, soldiers and servants—all held by chances or interests within the gray walls which circled London, and whose gates gave welcome to as strange a crowd as could be found in the world.
Into this curious crowd came Shakespeare, quick to see and eager to learn. And before long all these strange sights were as familiar to him as the faces of his own town's residents. Each one told its story to him so plainly that, as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods, so now he learned men and men's interests that make up the great world.
And he learned these lessons so well that when he came to write his plays, he made such use of them as no writer ever made before or since; for it is the use of this knowledge of the world, combined with his own genius, that makes Shakespeare the greatest dramatist that has ever lived.
文章大意：本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦后的經(jīng)歷，他很快適應(yīng)了那里的生活，并把自己所觀察到的事情融入自己的創(chuàng)作。
1．What was London like in Shakespeare's eyes when he first went there?
A．Dirty and small.
B．Strange and interesting.
C．Infamous and terrible.
D．Familiar and modern.
答案：B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“a very interesting place”和第五段中的“all these strange sights”可知，在Shakespeare的眼中，倫敦是一個(gè)有趣而陌生的城市，即B項(xiàng)正確。
2．Which of the following best describes Shakespeare?
A．Shakespeare got inspiration to write from his hometown, London.
B．Shakespeare was eager to make friends with the noblemen in London.
C．Shakespeare was good at observing and learning from the daily life.
D．Shakespeare became the greatest dramatist owing to his own genius.
答案：C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段可知，Shakespeare來(lái)到倫敦不久之后，通過(guò)觀察和學(xué)習(xí)了解了倫敦，并適應(yīng)了那里的生活，由此可推斷出，Shakespeare擅長(zhǎng)觀察日常生活并從中學(xué)習(xí)，故C項(xiàng)正確。
3．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Crowd. B．Sight.
C．Face. D．Resident.
答案：B 詞義猜測(cè)題。畫線詞后的“as before he had learned the secrets of the fields and woods”的意思為“正如他以前所學(xué)到的田野和樹(shù)林的秘密那樣”，根據(jù)這句話可知，one指的是像田野和樹(shù)林一樣的景象，故B項(xiàng)正確。
4．The passage probably comes from________.
A．a(chǎn) poster B．a(chǎn) textbook
C．a(chǎn)n advertisement D．a(chǎn)n announcement
答案：B 推理判斷題。本文主要講述了莎士比亞到倫敦的經(jīng)歷，所以這篇文章最有可能出現(xiàn)在一本教材中，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
(2024·山東省威海市二模)
Big cats have existed on the earth for millions of years, though scientists aren't sure exactly how long. But a new study indicates that a skull(顱骨) of a snow leopard(豹) relative that was recently unearthed is 4.4 million years old. That makes it the oldest big cat fossil(化石) ever found.
A team of US and Chinese scientists unearthed the skull in Tibet. This creature is not a direct ancestor to big cats, but it is closely related to the snow leopard, study leader Jack Tseng told the Associated Press. The fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in Asia and spread out from there.
Big cats are at the top of the food chain and have few predators of their own. Big cats include snow leopards, clouded leopards, tigers and lions. Based on genetic judgements, most scientists believe they first existed in Central Asia. But previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in Africa.
The new fossil findings were published in the November 13 issue of the science journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Tseng and his team were fossil hunting in the Himalayas in 2010 when they discovered some bones, including the buried cat skull. The researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil. The skull indicates that the animal was about the size of a clouded leopard, which can grow up to 50 pounds. In 2024, the team returned to unearth more cat bones.
David Polly from Indiana University told the Associated Press that the fossil is “convincingly older than the_current_record_holder”. He added that there could be even older big cat fossils in the Tibetan plateau to uncover.
文章大意：本文講述了最新考古發(fā)現(xiàn)——一個(gè)大型貓科動(dòng)物的顱骨化石。
5．What does the newly unearthed skull prove?
A．Big cats might have their origins in Asia.
B．The oldest fossil is 4.4 million years old.
C．The snow leopard is the oldest big cat.
D．The skull is of big cats' direct ancestor.
答案：A 推理判斷題。由第二段最后一句話“The fossil lends evidence to the belief that big cats existed in Asia and spread out from there.”可推知，該化石使我們相信大型貓科動(dòng)物起源于亞洲，然后繁衍到其他地方。
6．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．relatives. B．enemies.
C．partners. D．protectors
答案：B 猜測(cè)詞義題。所在句意為“大型貓科動(dòng)物位于食物鏈的頂端，所以幾乎沒(méi)有天敵”。
7．How do the researchers know the skull's age?
A．By measuring its size and forehead.
B．By examining other bones around it.
C．By studying its chemical composition.
D．By exploring the rocks and soil around it.
答案：D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段第三句話“The researchers were able to determine its age by studying the surrounding rocks and soil.”可知，通過(guò)研究化石周圍的巖石和土壤來(lái)測(cè)量化石的年代。
8．Where was “the current record holder” in the last paragraph found?
A．Asia. B．Africa.
C．America. D．Australia.
答案：B 推理判斷題。畫線詞意為“現(xiàn)在的紀(jì)錄保持者”，應(yīng)該指的是新化石發(fā)現(xiàn)之前的最古老的化石；而第三段最后一句話“But previously, the oldest known big cat fossil was 3.6 million years old and found in Africa.”可知，它是在非洲發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
Ⅱ.七選五
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。
Many people want to grow their own garden, but the simply do not have the room. Do not worry. __1__ Consider container gardening.
The great thing about container gardening is that you can use a variety of different containers. __2__ You could create a beautiful garden with things such as cement blocks, hanging baskets, clay pots, or window boxes. There are so many options when it comes to container gardening; it is only limited by your imagination.
Of course, you will want to take the following into consideration when you are ready to begin container gardening, in order for it to be successful. First, you should avoid any containers that have been used to store chemicals, as well as treated wood. __3__ Second, with any container that you choose, you need to ensure that it has adequate drainage(排水系統(tǒng)). It may be necessary for you to create holes in the container to help this along. You should also make sure the containers are placed on a raised surface, not upon the floor, to ensure the best possible drainage. Third, ensure that the containers you choose are appropriate in size for the plants you choose. __4__
If you like fresh veggies, you could consider container gardening with vegetables. This requires a process that differs from that of flower gardening. __5__ They can help you choose the right containers for the vegetables you are wishing to grow.
A．You simply have to use your imagination.
B．You need to prevent the roots from overgrowing the container.
C．There is a solution.
D．Talk to an employee at a supply store in your area.
E．It's not hard.
F．This could lead to the sudden death of your flowers and the failure of your container garden.
G. Some gardeners have different views.
文章大意：本文是說(shuō)明文。你曾經(jīng)為沒(méi)有足夠大的場(chǎng)地種植園藝而苦惱嗎？何不試試容器園藝呢？
1．C 本文提供了一種在缺乏場(chǎng)地、空間不足時(shí)種植園藝的解決方案，也就是容器園藝，因而答案為C。
2．A 本段提到了各種各樣用來(lái)進(jìn)行種植的容器，最后一句說(shuō)明容器的選擇只受想象力的制約，由此可知答案為A。
3．F 由前一句可知，裝過(guò)化學(xué)品的容器，或是經(jīng)過(guò)防腐處理的木質(zhì)容器，是不利于種植的，因此答案為F。
4．B 由前一句可知，容器的大小應(yīng)該合適，由常識(shí)可知，大的容器浪費(fèi)空間、小的容器會(huì)盛不下植物，由此可知答案為B。
5．D 本段主要講種植蔬菜和花卉的過(guò)程是不同的，同時(shí)提供了建議，由后一句可判斷設(shè)空處的句子是建議的內(nèi)容，因此答案為D。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加，刪除或修改。
增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。
刪除：把多余的詞用()劃掉。
修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。
注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；
2. 只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。
Dear American guests，
On behalf for our school, I would like to express our warmly welcome to you. We are lucky to have us here in the middle of our English Week activities.
As scheduled, we had English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and spoken. The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story told and so on. The Show will begin at two o'clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcome to take a part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit great from your presence.
I sincerely hope you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
答案：
Dear American guests，
On behalf
our school, I would like to express our
welcome to you. We are lucky to have
here in the middle of our English Week activities.
As scheduled, we
English Talent Show today. The purpose of this programme is
develop our interest in English learning and practical abilities in listening and . The programme consists of the following activities: recitation, singing, word spelling, story
and so on. The Show will begin at two o'clock this afternoon at the Student Center. Dear guests, you are welcome to take
a
part in our activities. I hope we students will benefit
from your presence.
I sincerely
you a pleasant time with us. Thank you.
1．命題立意：考查介詞短語(yǔ)。
解析：for→of on behalf of “代表”是固定搭配。
2．命題立意：考查形容詞。
解析：warmly→warm welcome這兒是名詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)用warm作定語(yǔ)。
3．命題立意：考查代詞。
解析：us→you 邏輯錯(cuò)誤；這兒應(yīng)當(dāng)用you代指American guests。
4．命題立意：考查時(shí)態(tài)。
解析：had→have today表示“現(xiàn)在”的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
5．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：develop前加to 不定式作表語(yǔ)；不可以用動(dòng)詞原形直接作表語(yǔ)。
6．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：spoken→speaking 介詞后應(yīng)當(dāng)用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，speaking與listening并列。
7．命題立意：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
解析：told→telling 最簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是，看看前面的word spelling。
8．命題立意：考查冠詞。
解析：去掉a take part in 參加是固定短語(yǔ)，當(dāng)part前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)前加不定冠詞。
9．命題立意：考查副詞。
解析：great→greatly greatly作狀語(yǔ)，修飾benefit。
10．命題立意：考查動(dòng)詞。
解析：hope→wish hope不能接雙賓語(yǔ)，用wish
