山東省高密市教科院2024屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)《代詞》學(xué)案
山東省高密市教科院2024屆高三高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)《代詞》學(xué)案
代詞及it學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo):
1. 掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代
詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞的用法;
2. 掌握it的基本用法。
代詞在高考中的考查重點(diǎn):
1. 人稱代詞主格與賓格的用法;
2. 名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞的用法;
3. 反身代詞的用法;
4. 指示代詞this, that, these, those的用法;
5. 表示兩者和多者的不定代詞的比較;
6. some, any的用法辨析;
7. each, every的用法辨析;
8. (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析;
9. 替代詞it, that, (the) one(s), those的用
法辨析;
10. another, (the) other(s), else; the rest
的用法辨析;
11. every-, some-, any-, no-與-thing, -one,
-body構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞的用法;
12. it的用法。
【2024全國(guó)II】9. Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.
A. herself
B. this
C. that
D. it
【答案】D
【考點(diǎn)】考查代詞的用法。
【解析】此處it是形式主語(yǔ),代替后面的不定式短語(yǔ)。句意:Sarah今天早上成功地及時(shí)到達(dá)了機(jī)場(chǎng)趕上了她的航班。
【2024江西卷】23.My brother would like to buy a good watch but
was available from that shop. A.nothing B.none C.no one D.neither
【答案】B
【考點(diǎn)】不定代詞
【解析】此處 nothing指物,什么都不是;none既可指人也可指物,強(qiáng)調(diào)“每一個(gè)”;no one只能指人;neither表兩者都不,故此題選B。
【2024北京卷】 If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get
for me?
A.
one
B.
such
C.
this
D.
that
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】代詞的用法
【解析】根據(jù)句意:如果你去報(bào)攤上買今天的報(bào)紙,給我捎回一份好嗎?one作“一個(gè)”,“一本”,“一件”等解,用來(lái)代替上文提到過(guò)的paper。相當(dāng)于a copy of paper.
【2024浙江卷】5. Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【考點(diǎn)】代詞
【解析】 those=that ones, 代指前面的many of the items,表示復(fù)數(shù)、特指,被of McDonald’s修飾,符合語(yǔ)境。Ones表示復(fù)數(shù)、泛指;any任何一個(gè);all全部,均不符合語(yǔ)境,故排除。
一、概念
代詞是代替名詞的詞,按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞等。
二、相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1. 人稱代詞 1) 代替人或物的代詞稱為人稱代詞。
2) 人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作 主語(yǔ),賓格作賓語(yǔ)。如:
I like table tennis.
?。ㄗ髦髡Z(yǔ)) Do you know him? (作賓語(yǔ))
3) 人稱代詞還可作表語(yǔ)。作表語(yǔ)時(shí)用賓格。
4) 人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進(jìn)行比較時(shí),用主格和賓格都可以。如:
He is older than me.
He is older than I am.
2. 物主代詞
1) 表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。)
2)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞,可在句中作定語(yǔ)。例如:
Our teacher is coming to see us.
This is her pencil-box.
3) 名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語(yǔ))
--- Is this English-book yours?(作表語(yǔ))
--- No. Mine is in my bag. I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?(作賓語(yǔ))
3. 指示代詞
指示代詞起指示、指代作用。包括:this,that,these,those。
1) this和these一般用來(lái)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those則指時(shí)間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人,例如:
This is a pen and that is a pencil.
We are busy these days.
In those days the workers had a hard time.
2) 有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過(guò)的事物,this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物,例如:
I had a cold. That’s why I didn’t come.
What I want to say is this: pronunciation
is very important in learning English.
3) 有時(shí)為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞,常可用that或those代替,例如:
Television sets made in Beijing are just as
good as those made in Shanghai.
4) this在電話用語(yǔ)中代表自己,that則代表對(duì)方。例如:
Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
4. 反身代詞
反身代詞可以在句中作賓語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),同位語(yǔ)。
1) 作賓語(yǔ),表示動(dòng)作的承受者就是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者,主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)指同一個(gè)人或一些人。如:He called himself a writer.
2) 作表語(yǔ)。如:It doesn’t matter. I’ll be myself soon.
3) 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ),表示親自或本人。如:I myself washed the clothes.
反身代詞短語(yǔ)
enjoy oneself
過(guò)得快活 make oneself at home
別客氣,別拘束
make oneself understood/heard使自己被別人理解/聽(tīng)到
for oneself
為自己
by oneself
獨(dú)自地
5. 不定代詞:
some一般用于肯定句中,但在表示請(qǐng)求并希望對(duì)方能給予肯定回答時(shí),可用于疑問(wèn)句中;any一般用于否定和疑問(wèn)句中,但當(dāng)any強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何”時(shí),也可用于肯定句中。
同理:something, somebody, someone的用法同some;anything, anybody,
anyone的用法同any。
one, both, all 的用法
① some用于肯定句中,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某一”。
I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.(定語(yǔ))
?、?在期待對(duì)方回答yes時(shí),some用在表示請(qǐng)求或邀請(qǐng)的問(wèn)句中。 Would you like some bananas?(邀請(qǐng)) Mum, could you give me some money?
?。ㄕ?qǐng)求)
③ any用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。
Is there any student in the classroom?
No, there isn’t any student.
④ any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。Any day is okay for me.
one指人或物,“一個(gè)”,其復(fù)數(shù)為ones。
This is not the one I want. (表語(yǔ))
both指人或指物,“兩者都”。
This maths problem can be worked out in both ways. (定語(yǔ))
· 注意:both用于否定句,表示部分否定;表示完全否定時(shí),用neither。
· Both of us are not teachers.
我們倆并不都是教師。
Neither of us is a teacher.
我們倆都不是教師。
· both不能放在the、these、those、my等 之后,而應(yīng)放在它們的前面。
· Both my parents like this film.
all“全部的”、“整個(gè)的”,可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用,表示“所有的”、“全部的”,指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物。
He gave me all the money.
他把全部的錢給了我。
All the schools are flooded.
所有的學(xué)校都被淹了。
· 注意:all用于否定句,表示部分否定,完全否定用none。如:
· Not all the ants go out for food.
All the ants don’t go out for food.
并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。
None of the money is mine.
這錢一分也不是我的。
other, others, the other, the others 和 another
the other表示“兩者中的另一個(gè)”;
other意思是“其他的”,不能單獨(dú)使用,后
面必須接名詞,表泛指;others可指其他的人或東西,相當(dāng)于other+名詞復(fù)數(shù);
the others特指其他某些人或物,相當(dāng)于the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
another修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,意為“(三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的)另一個(gè)”,不能指兩者中的另一個(gè),在句中可作賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。
例句:He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel. Five of the pencils are red, the others (the other pens) are yellow. Some students are singing, others (other students) are dancing. Please give me another book.
6. 相互代詞:表相互關(guān)系。each other主要用于兩者;one another用于三者或三者以上,在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中它們可通用。
7. 疑問(wèn)代詞:表疑問(wèn)。what指事或物,不強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍;who (whom,whose)指人;
which既可指人也可指物,但強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍。
8. 關(guān)系代詞:引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。who, whom,whose,which,that,as
9. 連接代詞:引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。who,whom,whose,what,which
代詞 it
1. 用作人稱代詞,代替前文提到過(guò)的事物。
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 用以代替指示代詞this, that。
--- Whose exercise-book is that?
--- It’s hers.
3. 表示時(shí)間、天氣、距離季節(jié)、 環(huán)境、情況等。
It’s time for lunch.
When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
It’s about two hours from here to the zoo.
It’s winter now.
It was very quiet (noisy) at the moment.
作形式主語(yǔ),代替由不定式(或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正
主語(yǔ)。
It is exciting to find an ancient tomb.
(代替不定式)
It was wrong for you not to help her.
(代替不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))
It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.
(代替主語(yǔ)從句)
作形式賓語(yǔ),代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。
We thought it no use doing that.
It強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分(通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),常用強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):
“It is (was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that (或
who) …”
It was I that told her the news at the gate yesterday.
帶it的一些固定詞組
1. (You’ve / I’ve) got it. 懂了,明白了。
2. Forget it. 算了吧,別在意,沒(méi)關(guān)系。
3. take it easy 別著急,慢慢來(lái);別過(guò)于緊張
4. make it 辦得到,做成功
5. It / That (all) depends. 那要看情況而定。
6. It is hard to say. 情況很難說(shuō)。
7. It comes to nothing. 沒(méi)有什么結(jié)果。
8. Don’t mention it. 不用謝。
9. That’s it. 對(duì)了;正是。
10. Believe it or not. 信不信由你。
11. It doesn’t matter. 沒(méi)有關(guān)系; 不要緊;
12. When it comes to … 當(dāng)談到……;當(dāng)涉及……
13. Keep it up. 再接再厲。
鞏固練習(xí)
Multiple choice.
1. — He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.
— When was _____?
— _____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. (2007浙江)
A. that; This
B. this; It
C. it; This
D. that; It
2. The book is of great value. _____ can be enjoyed unless you digest it. (2007福建)
A. Nothing
B. Something
C. Everything
D. Anything
3. The mayor has offered a reward of $5000 to _____ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. (2007上海)
A. both
B. others
C. anyone
D. another
4. — There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow _____?
— No, I’d rather buy _____ in the bookstore. (2007陜西 )
A. it; one
B. one; one
C. one; it
D. it; it
5. — Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?
— Victoria Street? _____ is where the Grand Theatre is. (2008遼寧)
A. Such
B. There
C. That
D. This
6. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent. (2008四川)
A. any other
B. the other
C. another
D. other
7. Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and _____ before you leave.
(2008山東)
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
8. Isn’t it amazing how the human body heals _____ after an injury? (2008江西)
A. himself
B. him
C. itself
D. it
9. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _____. (2009四川)
A. one
B. it
C. this
D. that
10. Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didn’t answer _____ of them. (2009陜西)
A. other
B. any
C. none
D. some
11. — Wow! You’ve got so many clothes.
— But _____ of them are in fashion now. (2009上海)
A. all
B. both
C. neither
D. none
12. I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face _____ day like that. (2009山東)
A. other
B. another
C. the other
D. others
13. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found _____ of them again. (2010重慶)
A. neither
B. either