2024屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)熱點(diǎn)課件：第7節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣高效語法

　　(2)將條件隱含在現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞短語中； Given more time, I would have done it better. 假若多給些時(shí)間，我會(huì)做得更好。 (3)將條件隱含在介詞短語中，常見介詞有but for和without； But for your help we couldn't have succeeded in the experiment.

　　如果沒有你的幫助，我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。 (4)將條件隱含在名詞短語中； Another word, and I would beat you flat. 你再說一句話，我就把你打倒在地。 (5)將條件隱含在某些連詞中， 常見連詞有 otherwise和or else； I'm really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you.

　　我確實(shí)很忙，要不然我肯定會(huì)和你一起去那兒。 (6)將條件隱含在定語從句中； Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.

　　凡是看過那畫的人，都可能把它看成是照片。 (7)將條件隱含在but引導(dǎo)的并列句中； I would have attended her wedding ceremony, but I was so occupied.

　　本想?yún)⒓铀幕槎Y的，但當(dāng)時(shí)我太忙。 (8)將條件隱含在其他形式的上下文中。 Don't bother to read all these papers. It would take too long.

　　不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了，那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。 【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題： 1. My suggestion is that all of us ______ out have a walk. 2. If he had taken his father's advice, he ______ have achieved his goals. 3. I failed the driving test yesterday. If only he ______ ______ me.

　　4. It is important that all of us ______ others when they are in trouble.

　　答案：

　　1. (should) go　

　　2. would　

　　3. had; helped

　　4. (should) help 1. ________ he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

　　A. When

　　B. If

　　C. Had

　　D. Has 【分析】C　但容易誤選B。不能選B，主要是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would have succeeded，這表明是對(duì)過去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語應(yīng)該是 had followed，所以，如果選B，句子應(yīng)該是 if he had followed my advice。但按英語語法，在此類表示虛擬條件的從句中，若有 had, should, were 等詞，便可省略 if，而將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。 2. The man in prison insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ set free.

　　A. had done; should be

　　B. should do; should be

　　C. had done; had been

　　D. should do; had been 【分析】A　此題容易誤選B，想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為 insist 后的從句謂語要用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣。事實(shí)上，insist后的從句謂語是否用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，要看該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語氣；若該謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語氣。對(duì)上題而言，坐牢的這個(gè)人堅(jiān)持了兩點(diǎn)：一是沒做錯(cuò)事，二是應(yīng)該釋放。很顯然，在坐牢這個(gè)人看來，“沒做錯(cuò)事”應(yīng)該是事實(shí)，故用陳述語氣；“被釋放”還不是事實(shí)(因?yàn)樗€在坐牢)，故用虛擬語氣。所以此題的最佳答案應(yīng)為A。 3. — It looks as if he were drunk.

　　— So it does. ________.

　　A. He'd better give up drinking

　　B. He shouldn't have drunk so much

　　C. Health is more important than drink

　　D. I wonder why he is always doing so 【分析】D　但A、B、C均有可能誤選，主要是受題中 drunk 一詞的影響。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk 中的關(guān)鍵詞were，因?yàn)樗砻鞔司涞闹^語為虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是喝醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“他看上去的確像是喝醉了”。類似用法：“The house looks beautiful.” “Yes, so it does.” “這房子看上去很美。”“是的，看上去的確很美。”此句中的 so it does 也表強(qiáng)調(diào)。 (2)could＋have＋done表示對(duì)過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來有能力做或本來具備條件做某事而沒有做。否定句表示本來不可以做某事，而實(shí)際做了。 If you hadn't helped me last week, I couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.

　　上周如果你不幫我，我不可能提前完成工作。 (3)may/might＋have＋done 表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)，意思是“也許已經(jīng)做了某事”。might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。否定句表示“也許還沒做”。 He might not have handed in his homework.

　　他可能還沒有交作業(yè)。 (4)would＋have＋done 表示 “本來會(huì)/想做”，事實(shí)上沒做。否定句表示本來不想/會(huì)做某事，而實(shí)際做了。 If I were free last weekend, I would have attended the party.

　　如果上周末我有空的話，我本來會(huì)參加聚會(huì)的。 (5)should/ought to＋have＋done 意思是“本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒做。” 否定句表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含義。另外，還有“竟然做了”的意思。 You shouldn't have fought with your classmate yesterday.

　　昨天你不該跟你同學(xué)打架。 (6)need＋have＋done表示本來需要做某事而沒有做。“needn't＋have＋done”則表示“本來不需要做某事而做了”。 You needn't have done it by yourself. You could have asked someone to do it.

　　你沒必要親自做這件事，你本可以叫人幫你做。 14. would rather (1)would sooner/rather…than…意思是“寧愿、寧可、更、最好、還是為好”，常省略為'd sooner/rather, 表示優(yōu)先選擇的一種方式。其否定形式是would sooner/rather not do sth.。would sooner/rather沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.

　　我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。

　　(2)would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以顛倒為：rather than…would…。would(rather)和than后都接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，若選用的動(dòng)詞相同，那么than 后的動(dòng)詞可以省略。

　　I would rather have noodles than (have) rice.

　　我寧愿吃面條也不吃米飯。

　　(3)使用would rather…than…句型時(shí)要注意“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”，即在than 的前后要用兩個(gè)同類的詞或詞組，如兩個(gè)名詞、兩個(gè)不定式、兩個(gè)介詞短語等。

　　I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.

　　我寧愿和他媽說話而不愿和他爸說話。

　　(4)在疑問句式中， would rather…than…中的would要放在主語之前。 Would you rather stay here or go home?

　　你愿意待在這里，還是回家？

　　(5)would rather＋從句，是一個(gè)常用的虛擬語氣句型，從句中謂語用一般過去時(shí)來表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦?shí)不相符合的愿望。意為“寧愿……，還是…… 好些”，“一個(gè)人寧愿另一個(gè)人做某事”，引導(dǎo)從句的that常省略。從句中用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)不相符合的愿望。 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came tomorrow than today. 約翰今天想來看我。我寧愿他明天來看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示過去而是表示將來) Would rather you had not done that.

　　真希望你沒有做那件事。

　　注意：如果只涉及主語本人而不涉及另一個(gè)人，則would rather之后不接that從句而接have done結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.

　　我真希望昨天晚上去看了戲而不是待在家里。

　　(6)would rather和would sooner之間一般沒有區(qū)別，但經(jīng)常接觸到的是would rather。 【知識(shí)運(yùn)用】填空題： 1. The light is on, so they ______ be at home. 2. Child as he is, he ______ do a lot of things by himself. 3. Whoever works out the maths problem ______ be given a pen as a reward. 4. As students, we ______ try hard to take advantage of time to study. 5. Turn to your teachers when you have any problems. They ______ help you with your subjects. 答案： 1. must　 2. can　 3. shall　 4. should　 5. will 1. You ________ be right, but I don't think you are.

　　A. can

　　B. could

　　C. must

　　D. should 【分析】B　從語境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過去式 could。但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A。按照英語語法，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 用于推測(cè)表示可能性時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測(cè)時(shí)，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問句，也可用于肯定句，且此時(shí)的 could 并不是 can 的過去式，與 can 也沒有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語氣更委婉。 【分析】順便說明一點(diǎn)，can 在以下特殊情況下，可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容詞”，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“時(shí)常會(huì)”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時(shí)候很不講道理。

　　2. — Do you think he is lazy?

　　— I ________ once, but I don't now.

　　A. may have thought

　　B. can have thought

　　C. may think

　　D. might think 【分析】A　從答話人的語境可知，空格處的意思“曾經(jīng)這樣想過”，即對(duì)過去的情況作推測(cè)，故應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋動(dòng)詞完成式”，又因?yàn)?can 表推測(cè)不用于肯定句，故選A。

　　虛擬語氣

　　2024年高考湖南卷的單選題中虛擬語氣有1題，2024年沒有考查。

　　1．賓語從句中的虛擬語氣主要有3種情況：

　　(1)表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、要求、意圖等含義的動(dòng)詞suggest, advise, insist, order, command, require, request, demand, ask, prefer等引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，賓語從句用虛擬語氣，句式結(jié)構(gòu)為“主語＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。但當(dāng)should表“暗示，表明”，insist表示“堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說”時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。 He suggested that we (should) go there by bus.

　　他建議我們坐公車去那里。 His words suggested that he was angry.

　　他的話表明他生氣了。

　　(2)wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其主要形式有3種： ①表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬： wish ＋ 主語 ＋ 動(dòng)詞過去式(be用were)； I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.

　　我希望是一只小鳥能在天空自由飛翔。 ②表示對(duì)過去情況的虛擬： wish ＋ 主語 ＋ had ＋ 過去分詞； I wish I had met him yesterday.

　　我希望我昨天遇上他了。(事實(shí)是昨天沒有遇上) ③表示對(duì)將來情況的虛擬： wish ＋ 主語 ＋ would ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形。

　　I wish they would take me to London.

　　我希望他們會(huì)帶我一起去倫敦。 (3)would rather引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句為過去時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞用had done; 從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞用一般過去式(be用were)；從句是將來時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞用一般過去式。 I'd rather you came tomorrow.

　　我寧愿你明天來。 (不用would come, 用一般過去時(shí)came表示將來) 2．主語從句用虛擬語氣的句式主要有3種： (1)在It is important/necessary that…等主語從句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。 It is important that he (should) study hard.

　　他努力學(xué)習(xí)是很重要的。 (2)在It is amazing / strange / surprising / astonishing / a pity / a shame that從句中有時(shí)也用should，此時(shí)表示說話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意。 若不用虛擬語氣則不帶感情色彩，比較： It's a pity that he failed the exam.

　　他考試沒及格，真是遺憾。 It's a pity that he should have failed the exam.

　　他考試竟沒及格，真是遺憾。 (3)It is / was ordered / suggested / required / requested that從句中，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。 It is suggested that you should phone before you go round there. 你去那兒之前應(yīng)該先打個(gè)電話。 3.

　　使用虛擬語氣的表語從句句式主要有： (1)The＋名詞＋is/was＋that表語從句。這些名詞是表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等意義的名詞如：advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion等。表語從句的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形。 His request is that we (should) go to the meeting room ahead of time.

　　他的要求是我們要提前到會(huì)議室。 (2)It looks as if表語從句。如表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過去時(shí)，與過去事實(shí)相反用過去完成時(shí)。不過，要注意如果表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是真實(shí)可信的，則用直陳語氣，使用實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)。 It is getting dark. It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　天變暗了，看來要下雨了。(跡象表明要下雨，用直陳語氣。) When they first met each other, they talked as if they had been friends for many years.

　　當(dāng)他們第一次見面的時(shí)候，他們就像多年的老朋友一樣聊了起來。(事實(shí)上不是老朋友，用虛擬。) 4．同位語從句中的虛擬語氣： 在“名詞＋that…”同位語從句中，如果名詞為表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞如：advice 建議，demand 要求，desire 愿望， decision 決定， idea意見， motion 提議， order命令， proposal 提議， requirement 要求， request 請(qǐng)求，regulation 規(guī)章， suggestion 建議等名詞時(shí)，其同位語從句要用虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋(should) ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形。 He announced his order that we (should) arrive there on time.

　　他宣布了他的命令，那就是我們要按時(shí)到達(dá)那里。 5．定語從句中的虛擬語氣比較少見，在“是做某事的時(shí)候了”句式中從句謂語動(dòng)詞用should do 或過去式。 It is about/high time that we had/ should have a thorough cleaning. 是搞大掃除的時(shí)候了。 6．含蓄虛擬條件句：即沒有出現(xiàn)明顯的假設(shè)條件，而是把條件從句隱藏在上下文中的一類條件句，其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下： (1)將條件隱含在不定式短語中； To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination.

　　假如你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些，你就考試及格了。

　　高效語法復(fù)習(xí)篇

　　第7節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣

　　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　高考湖南卷的單選題中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析必考，而且每年1題，總計(jì)1分。 1．can (1)表能力，翻譯為“能夠/會(huì)”。 The kid can speak three languages.

　　這個(gè)孩子能說三種語言。 (2)表許可，翻譯為“可以”，用于否定句，表示不允許，翻譯為“不可以/不能”。 You can read the book in the library, but you can't take it out.

　　這本書你可以在圖書館看，但你不可以帶出去。 (3)表示偶然發(fā)生的可能性，翻譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”。 It is always warm in spring here. But sometimes it can be very cold.

　　這里春天一直很暖和。但有時(shí)候也可能會(huì)很冷。 (4)用于否定句，表推測(cè)，翻譯為“不可能”。 It can't be him, because he has gone to Beijing. 那不可能是她，他已經(jīng)去北京了。 2．could (1)can的過去式，could表過去的能力。 He could speak Japanese. But now, he has forgotten it.

　　過去他會(huì)說日語。但現(xiàn)在他都忘記了。 (2)could 表委婉，禮貌語氣，不是真正的過去時(shí)態(tài)。 Could you please show me the way? 你能為我領(lǐng)路嗎？ (3)could表示有可能，但可能性不如“can”大。 Will you answer the phone? It could(may/might)be your father.

　　你去接電話好嗎？可能是你爸爸打來的。 3．shall (1)用于第一人稱代替will，表將來或意愿； (2)用于第二、三人稱，shall表義務(wù)； Each athlete shall wear a number in red print at the game. 在這場(chǎng)比賽中每一位運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須佩戴紅色的號(hào)碼。 (3)用于第二、三人稱，表許諾； If you get a full mark in this coming English test, you shall get a new bicycle.

　　如果你這次英語考試得滿分，你會(huì)得到一臺(tái)新自行車。 (4)用于第一、三人稱疑問句，表征詢意見。

　　They are waiting outside. Shall they come in? 他們?cè)谕饷娴戎Ｋ麄兛梢赃M(jìn)來嗎？ 4．should (1)用于第一人稱疑問句，表征詢意見； (2)表義務(wù)，可用于各種句式，通常指將來；

　　(3)表推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能；

　　He left early, so he should have arrived on time. 他動(dòng)身很早，所以理應(yīng)該按時(shí)到了。 (4)在從句中，表虛擬語氣；

　　He suggested that we (should) go out for a walk. 他建議我們出去散步。 (5)should也可表惋惜、憂慮、歡樂、驚訝等感情色彩；