高考語(yǔ)法講解：動(dòng)詞八大詞態(tài)解析
動(dòng)詞八大詞態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式
Do/does/ am/is/are have/has
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功用 :
1. 表示一直發(fā)生的事情，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3. 談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 oclock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4. 談?wù)摷灐?guó)籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪國(guó)人？我是中國(guó)人。
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是廣州人。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,
Eg I get up at 8 oclock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，它是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)體系中最重要的時(shí)態(tài)之一。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式：
did was/were had
在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有一部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化形式是不規(guī)則的，這類動(dòng)詞被稱為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。總數(shù)大概不過(guò)200多個(gè)，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：
1》 AAA式：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 ABB式
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》ABC式
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
4》ABA式
come came come
become became become
run ran run
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的功用:
1） 表示一個(gè)沒(méi)指明具體時(shí)間的過(guò)去的行動(dòng)，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (沒(méi)說(shuō)明起始時(shí)間，但是現(xiàn)在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?
2) 表示在過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.
When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.
Where have you been?
Ive been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣 :
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
Eg
I saw Tom playing football yesterday.
The war broke out 3 years ago.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式:
Have/has done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的功用 :
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以說(shuō)成是兼有現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去意義的一種復(fù)合時(shí)態(tài)。它與現(xiàn)在有密切聯(lián)系，如：
Oh, dear, Ive forgotten her name.
和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系就是 I dont remember her name now.
Fort has gone to Canada.
和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.
1) 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作 （有時(shí)是總計(jì)做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示開始與過(guò)去而在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：
I havent seen you for ages. 我好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了。（說(shuō)話時(shí)刻已經(jīng)見(jiàn)到了）
This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也許從說(shuō)話開始時(shí)刻就要打掃它了)
3) 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，如：
The window has broken.
4) 和最高級(jí)連用，表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的
What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.
Is it a thick book?
Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time, Its the first time 連用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
Is this the first time youve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it.
6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副詞連用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)
Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
Dont forget to mail the letter, will you?
Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比預(yù)料的要快)
7）與since 或for+一段時(shí)間 連用，since 表示與某一時(shí)刻或從句連用，表示從那一刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止，它總是與完成時(shí)連用，如：
She has been here since 6 oclock.
Since I was a child I have lived in England.
I have read the novel for 3 hours.
四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had done
1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。
例句：
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
注意:過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)。必須有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 或則是有一個(gè)過(guò)去式可做參照，而且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這個(gè)過(guò)去式之前。
如：
I had learned 2000 words by the end of last week.
When we got there, the train had left.
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are doing
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的功用 :
1） 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
Please dont make so much noise, Im studying.
Lets get out. It isnt raining any more.
2) 表示在現(xiàn)在相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但是說(shuō)話一刻不一定在做的動(dòng)作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動(dòng)作，在說(shuō)話時(shí)并不一定在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是在包括說(shuō)話的一剎那在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的。
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I cant. Im working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來(lái)表示。但是談?wù)撘汛_定的安排時(shí)候，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)顯得更加自然，除非受到動(dòng)詞的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚(yáng)，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at this time, these days, etc.
六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為：
was/were doing
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的功用 :
1） 表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或則某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?
2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示在一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，發(fā)生了另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 過(guò)去一般時(shí)所說(shuō)明的動(dòng)作是已經(jīng)完成的，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)不表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作一定會(huì)完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
We were reading books when the teacher came in.
七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本概念
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。Shall/will do
2．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式
●will 常簡(jiǎn)略為 ll，并與主語(yǔ)連寫在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。
●一般疑問(wèn)句如用will you？其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是Yes，I will或 No，I will not；
如用 Shall you？（較少見(jiàn)）其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是 Yes，I shall．或 No， I shall not
3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
1）表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
from now on, in the future tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.等。
4．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他用法
1）be going to+動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。例如：
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會(huì)。
2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示近期的確定的計(jì)劃安排，例如：
Im leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
3）be to+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：
①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續(xù)干嗎？
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個(gè)男孩明天要去上學(xué)。
4）be about to+動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。
5）某些詞，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)，表示按時(shí)刻表進(jìn)行。
①The meeting starts at five oclock.會(huì)議五點(diǎn)開始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車
八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。
1過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成
Would/should do was/were going to do
例句：
I didnt know if he would come.
=I didnt know if he was going to come.
我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。
She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.
她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。
She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.
她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。
I didnt know how to do it. What would be their ideas？
我不知如何去做，他們會(huì)有什么想法呢？
2.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)，不管什么人稱，一律用would
This door wouldnt open.
這扇門老是打不開。
Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.
他一有時(shí)間，總是看書。
I would play with him when I was a child.
當(dāng)我還是孩童時(shí)，總是和他一起玩。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
the next day(morning, year),the following month(week)
動(dòng)詞八大詞態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的形式
Do/does/ am/is/are have/has
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功用 :
1. 表示一直發(fā)生的事情，經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：
Nurses look after patients in hospitals.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
2. 表示客觀事實(shí)或者真理：
Birds fly.
The earth goes around the sun.
3. 談?wù)摃r(shí)間表、旅程表等，如：
What time does the film begin?
The football match starts at 8 oclock.
Tomorrow is Thursday.
4. 談?wù)摷灐?guó)籍等，如：
Where do you come from?
I come from China. 你是哪國(guó)人？我是中國(guó)人。
Where do you come from?
I come from Guangzhou. 你是哪里人？我是廣州人。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays,
Eg I get up at 8 oclock every morning.
It often rains in summer in Beijing.
二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)
一般過(guò)去時(shí)是表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，它是英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)體系中最重要的時(shí)態(tài)之一。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式：
did was/were had
在英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有一部分動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化形式是不規(guī)則的，這類動(dòng)詞被稱為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。總數(shù)大概不過(guò)200多個(gè)，但是使用頻率很高。主要分成三類：
1》 AAA式：
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
shut shut shut
set set set
注意，有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式，如：
bet bet / betted bet / betted
wed wed / wedded wed / wedded
wet wet / wetted wet / wetted
2》 ABB式
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
catch caught caught
hide hid hid / hidden
get got got/ gotten(AmE)
lead led led
3》ABC式
begin began begun
break broke broken
forbid forbade forbidden
grow grew grown
ring rang rung
wake woke / waked woken / waked
4》ABA式
come came come
become became become
run ran run
一般過(guò)去時(shí)的功用:
1） 表示一個(gè)沒(méi)指明具體時(shí)間的過(guò)去的行動(dòng)，如：
He worked in that bank for four years. (沒(méi)說(shuō)明起始時(shí)間，但是現(xiàn)在不在那里工作了)。
They once saw Deng Xiaopin.
Did you ever hear BackStreet Boy sing?
2) 表示在過(guò)去特定的時(shí)間結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：
When did you meet him?
I met him yesterday.
When we lived in Phoenix, we studied at Arizona State University.
Where have you been?
Ive been to the opera.
Did you enjoy it?
3) 表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣 :
He always carried an umbrella.
They never drank wine.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
Eg
I saw Tom playing football yesterday.
The war broke out 3 years ago.
三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式:
Have/has done
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的功用 :
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以說(shuō)成是兼有現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去意義的一種復(fù)合時(shí)態(tài)。它與現(xiàn)在有密切聯(lián)系，如：
Oh, dear, Ive forgotten her name.
和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系就是 I dont remember her name now.
Fort has gone to Canada.
和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系就是 He is not here. He is in Canada now.
1) 表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作 （有時(shí)是總計(jì)做了多少次等）。
How many times have you been to the United States?
She really loves that film. She has seen it eight times.
Tom has lived in Now York all his life.
2) 表示開始與過(guò)去而在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：
I havent seen you for ages. 我好久沒(méi)見(jiàn)到你了。（說(shuō)話時(shí)刻已經(jīng)見(jiàn)到了）
This room hasnt been cleaned for months. (也許從說(shuō)話開始時(shí)刻就要打掃它了)
3) 表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，如：
The window has broken.
4) 和最高級(jí)連用，表示到現(xiàn)在為止是最的
What a boring film! Its the most boring film Ive ever seen.
Is it a thick book?
Yes, it is the thickest book Ive ever read.
5) 和句型 This is the first time, Its the first time 連用，如：
This is the first time he has driven a car.
Is this the first time youve been in hospital?
Professor Johnson has lost his passport again. Its the second time he has lost it.
6) 和ever, never, yet, just, already 等副詞連用，如：
Have you ever eaten French cheese?
We have never had a private car.
Has it stopped raining yet? (yet 表示期待雨停止)
Would you like something to eat?
No, thanks. Ive just had lunch.
Dont forget to mail the letter, will you?
Ive already mailed it. (already 表示比預(yù)料的要快)
7）與since 或for+一段時(shí)間 連用，since 表示與某一時(shí)刻或從句連用，表示從那一刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止，它總是與完成時(shí)連用，如：
She has been here since 6 oclock.
Since I was a child I have lived in England.
I have read the novel for 3 hours.
四、過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had done
1.概念：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去。
例句：
As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.
注意:過(guò)去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)。必須有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 或則是有一個(gè)過(guò)去式可做參照，而且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在這個(gè)過(guò)去式之前。
如：
I had learned 2000 words by the end of last week.
When we got there, the train had left.
五、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
am/is/are doing
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的功用 :
1） 表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
Please dont make so much noise, Im studying.
Lets get out. It isnt raining any more.
2) 表示在現(xiàn)在相對(duì)較長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，但是說(shuō)話一刻不一定在做的動(dòng)作
Have you heard about Tom? He is building his own house.
David is teaching English and learning Chinese in Beijing.
這些動(dòng)作，在說(shuō)話時(shí)并不一定在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是在包括說(shuō)話的一剎那在內(nèi)的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生、進(jìn)行的。
3）表示最近的確定的安排
Ann is coming tomorrow.
Oh, is she? What time is she arriving?
At 10:15.
Are you meeting her at the station?
I cant. Im working tomorrow morning.
以上句子也可以用be going to (do) 的形式來(lái)表示。但是談?wù)撘汛_定的安排時(shí)候，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)顯得更加自然，除非受到動(dòng)詞的功能的限制。在此，切不可用will, 如Alex is getting married next month. 不能用 will get married.
4) 和always 連用表示某種情緒，可能是厭煩也可能是贊揚(yáng)，如：
Tom is always going away for weekends.
My husband is always doing homework.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now, at this time, these days, etc.
六、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式為：
was/were doing
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的功用 :
1） 表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間或則某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，如：
When I rang him up, he was having dinner.
This time last year I was living in Shanghai.
What were you doing at 10 oclock last night?
2) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，表示在一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的過(guò)程中，發(fā)生了另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，如：
It was raining when I got up.
I fell asleep when I was watching television.
3) 過(guò)去一般時(shí)所說(shuō)明的動(dòng)作是已經(jīng)完成的，而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)不表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作一定會(huì)完成，如：
Tom was cooking the dinner.
Tom cooked the dinner.
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)等。
We were reading books when the teacher came in.
七、一般將來(lái)時(shí)
1．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本概念
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞shall（第一人稱），will（第二、三人稱）+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。Shall/will do
2．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的形式
●will 常簡(jiǎn)略為 ll，并與主語(yǔ)連寫在一起，如：Ill，hell，itll，well，youll，theyll。
●一般疑問(wèn)句如用will you？其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是Yes，I will或 No，I will not；
如用 Shall you？（較少見(jiàn)）其簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)須是 Yes，I shall．或 No， I shall not
3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
1）表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
2）表示將來(lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
from now on, in the future tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc.等。
4．一般將來(lái)時(shí)的其他用法
1）be going to+動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的或最近打算進(jìn)行的事。例如：
①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。
②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我們開會(huì)。
2）go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示近期的確定的計(jì)劃安排，例如：
Im leaving for Beijing.
我要去北京。
3）be to+動(dòng)詞原形表示按計(jì)劃要發(fā)生的事或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。例如：
①Are we to go on with this work?我們繼續(xù)干嗎？
②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.這個(gè)男孩明天要去上學(xué)。
4）be about to+動(dòng)詞原形表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，意為：很快，馬上。后面一般不跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。例如：
We are about to leave.我們馬上就走。
5）某些詞，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay 等的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)，表示按時(shí)刻表進(jìn)行。
①The meeting starts at five oclock.會(huì)議五點(diǎn)開始。
②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下車
八、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去的某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中。
1過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的構(gòu)成
Would/should do was/were going to do
例句：
I didnt know if he would come.
=I didnt know if he was going to come.
我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。
She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.
她66歲了。三年后，她是69歲。
She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.
她告訴我們，如果下雨，她就不和我們一起去了。
I didnt know how to do it. What would be their ideas？
我不知如何去做，他們會(huì)有什么想法呢？
2.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)常可用來(lái)表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)，不管什么人稱，一律用would
This door wouldnt open.
這扇門老是打不開。
Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.
他一有時(shí)間，總是看書。
I would play with him when I was a child.
當(dāng)我還是孩童時(shí)，總是和他一起玩。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
the next day(morning, year),the following month(week)
