高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:引導(dǎo)副詞從句的從屬連詞
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:引導(dǎo)副詞從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)副詞從句的從屬連詞根據(jù)其引導(dǎo)的副詞從句的意義可分為:
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞及詞組
(1) as,after,before,once,since,till,until,when,while 等。如:
He came up while I was speaking.
我正說(shuō)話時(shí)他來(lái)了。
when,while,as 在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),譯成漢語(yǔ)都是當(dāng)時(shí),但有區(qū)別。其區(qū)別是:
時(shí)間上的同時(shí)性。表示在時(shí)間的某一時(shí)刻主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí),如果主句和從句中的動(dòng)詞是短暫動(dòng)詞,用 as 和 when。如:
He arrived just as/when we stepped into a taxi.
我們剛跨進(jìn)出租車(chē)他就到了。
若主句、從句動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,只能用 when。如:
When he had had breakfast, the days work began.
他吃過(guò)早飯,一天的工作就算開(kāi)始了。
若表示的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)都在持續(xù)進(jìn)行,要用 while(此時(shí)用于 while-從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞)。如:
They arrived while we were having dinner.
他們來(lái)的時(shí)候我們正吃飯。
若主句中動(dòng)詞不是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,又表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 while- 從句中所表示那段時(shí)間中的某一點(diǎn),此時(shí)可用 when/as 代替 while。如:
As we were having breakfast, a postman called.
我們正在吃早飯時(shí),郵遞員叫門(mén)了。
表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的同時(shí)性時(shí),while 與 as 可以互換。此時(shí)主句和從句中動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,但有區(qū)別。用 while 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主句動(dòng)詞貫穿于 while- 從句所表示時(shí)間的始終;用 as 則強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。如:
She waited outside while I fetched her the coat.
我給她取衣服時(shí)她在外邊等著。
(2) 從屬連詞詞組有 as long as,as soon as,hardly/scarcely/barely when,no sooner than,every time when
Ill tell you as soon as I know.
我一知道就告訴你。
no sooner than 和 hardly/scarcely when;雖然譯成漢語(yǔ)都是一就,但有區(qū)別。區(qū)別如下:
當(dāng)表示兩件事緊接著發(fā)生時(shí)用 no sooner than 如:
He had no sooner pulled down the huts than he found a snake.
他剛拆掉小屋就發(fā)現(xiàn)一條蛇。
當(dāng)前一件事導(dǎo)致了后一件事的發(fā)生時(shí)用 no sooner than 如:
He had no sooner found the tomb than he asked men to guard it.
他一發(fā)現(xiàn)那座墓就讓人看守著。
表示后一件事的發(fā)生往往是出乎意料時(shí)用 hardly when 如:
He had hardly entered the room when he found his TV set stolen.
他一進(jìn)屋就發(fā)現(xiàn)電視機(jī)被盜了。
表示一就,還可以用副詞 immediately, directly 等。如:
I came directly I got your message.
我聽(tīng)到信兒就來(lái)了。
此外,還有一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,如:the moment,the minute,the instant,every time,next time 等,這些詞也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
The instant we heard the alarm, we fell in for action.
我們一聽(tīng)到警報(bào)就立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)。
2. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 where 和 wherever
如:Make a mark where you stop.
在停的地方做了記號(hào)。
3. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要是 as,as if 或 just as 口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用 like。 如:
Lucy cried as if her heart would break.
露西哭得好像心要碎了。
4. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有 3 個(gè):as,because 和 since。其中 because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),as 的語(yǔ)氣最弱。如:
I bought an umbrella because I thought it might rain.
我買(mǎi)了一把傘,我原以為天可能要下雨。
since,as,because 在引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有以下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別:
as 和 since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般在主句之前,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的事實(shí)以說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作的理由,英語(yǔ)多用 as,美語(yǔ)多用 since。 如:
As it is cold outside, Ill put on my overcoat.
因?yàn)橥膺吅芾洌揖痛┥洗笠隆?/p>
because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,一般放在主句之后,重在說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作的原因或理由。如:
Did he come because he wanted money?
他是需要錢(qián)才來(lái)的嗎?
當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)被強(qiáng)調(diào)或被否定時(shí),要用 because,不能用 as,不能用 since。如:
He will surely succeed for he works hard.
他肯定會(huì)成功,因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)很用功。
It is because he works hard that he will surely succeed.
正是因?yàn)樗麑W(xué)習(xí)很用功,他才會(huì)成功。
在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中還用 in that,now that 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句表示原因。如:
Now that you mention it, I do remember.
你一提這事我想起來(lái)了。
用 now that 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句和從句的時(shí)間必須一致,否則不能用 now that。
5. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
(1) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞用 though,although,even if/though 和 as 等。如:
Though he is old, he still works hard.
盡管他年紀(jì)大了,他還是努力工作。
(2) 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用 although 比用 though 正式。如:
Though he may fail, he will try again.
盡管他可能會(huì)失敗,他還會(huì)一試。
Although it has been raining hard, the road is passable.
盡管天一直下雨,路還是可以通行的。
但 though 前可用 even 強(qiáng)調(diào),although 則不能用 even 強(qiáng)調(diào)。如:
Even though he doesnt understand a word, he kept smiling.
盡管他聽(tīng)不懂話,他還是一直微笑。
(3) 用 though/although 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句前可以用副詞 yet,still, nevertheless 加強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)折,但不能使用并列連詞 but 表示轉(zhuǎn)折。如:
Though he is over seventy, yet he can ride the bike.
盡管他已年逾七十,他還能騎自行車(chē)。
(4) as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí),通常要使用倒裝語(yǔ)序,但有時(shí)也可用 though 代替。如:
Poor as the old man was, he always managed to help the others.
(5) as 用于上面的句型,有時(shí)不是表示讓步,而是表示原因。如:
Tired as she was, I decided not to disturb her.
因?yàn)樗芾郏覜Q定不去打擾她了。
(6) while 也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但語(yǔ)氣較輕,重點(diǎn)在于突出對(duì)比主句與從句的差異。如:
While I like the colour of the hat, I do not like its shape.
盡管我喜歡帽子的顏色,但不喜歡它的樣式。
(7) whether or 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,表示兩個(gè)對(duì)比的情況,且有條件含義。如:
Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.
不管天氣好壞,他們都要按原計(jì)劃動(dòng)身。
(8) whatever 與 no matter what 等引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示無(wú)論在什么情況下的隨意選擇,這種從句有時(shí)使用 may。如:
Whatever happens we shall not lose hope.
無(wú)論發(fā)生什么事情,我們都不能失去希望。
6. 引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
(1) if,unless
Youll miss the bus if you dont hurry.
如果你不快點(diǎn),你就趕不上汽車(chē)了。
請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
多數(shù)情況下,unless 的意義(尤其在真實(shí)條件句中)相當(dāng)于 if not,但通常用于真實(shí)條件句中,表示除惟一條件。如:
You will be late unless you set off earlier.
如果不早點(diǎn)走,你就會(huì)遲到。
在虛擬條件句中通常用 if not。如:
If she werent so silly, she would understand.
如果她不是太傻的話,她會(huì)明白的。
在表示只有從句動(dòng)作不發(fā)生,主句動(dòng)作才有可能出現(xiàn)時(shí),只能用 if not 而不用unless。 如:
Ill be glad if she doesnt come this evening.
今晚她要不來(lái),我才高興呢。
(2) providing/provided that, on condition that 和 supposing that
I will go providing that my expenses are paid.
只要報(bào)銷(xiāo)開(kāi)支我就去。
(3) as 和 so long as
You can go where you like so long as you get back before dark.
只要在天黑前能回來(lái),你愛(ài)去哪兒就去哪兒。
7. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞用 so that, such that 或 so that
(1) so that
They talked so fast that I could hardly put in a word.
他們說(shuō)得太快了,我連一句話也插不進(jìn)去。
(2) such that
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
他給我們講的故事很滑稽,我們都笑了。
8. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)的從屬連詞
(1) 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)用 so that 和 in order that
He works no Sundays so that he can earn enough to pay his tuition.
他星期天也工作,為的是能掙夠交學(xué)費(fèi)的錢(qián)。
在通常情況下,so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句出現(xiàn)在句末,有時(shí)也可以把 so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句之前。如:
So that we could see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
為了能夠看到日出,我們一早就向山峰出發(fā)了。
(2) lest,in fear that,for fear that,in case that 通常從相反的角度表示目的,從句謂語(yǔ)用 should +動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She explained again and again lest others should misunderstand her.
她再三解釋?zhuān)┛执蠹艺`會(huì)了她。 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法:引導(dǎo)副詞從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)副詞從句的從屬連詞根據(jù)其引導(dǎo)的副詞從句的意義可分為:
1. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞及詞組
(1) as,after,before,once,since,till,until,when,while 等。如:
He came up while I was speaking.
我正說(shuō)話時(shí)他來(lái)了。
when,while,as 在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),譯成漢語(yǔ)都是當(dāng)時(shí),但有區(qū)別。其區(qū)別是:
時(shí)間上的同時(shí)性。表示在時(shí)間的某一時(shí)刻主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí),如果主句和從句中的動(dòng)詞是短暫動(dòng)詞,用 as 和 when。如:
He arrived just as/when we stepped into a taxi.
我們剛跨進(jìn)出租車(chē)他就到了。
若主句、從句動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生,只能用 when。如:
When he had had breakfast, the days work began.
他吃過(guò)早飯,一天的工作就算開(kāi)始了。
若表示的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)都在持續(xù)進(jìn)行,要用 while(此時(shí)用于 while-從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞)。如:
They arrived while we were having dinner.
他們來(lái)的時(shí)候我們正吃飯。
若主句中動(dòng)詞不是持續(xù)動(dòng)詞,又表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 while- 從句中所表示那段時(shí)間中的某一點(diǎn),此時(shí)可用 when/as 代替 while。如:
As we were having breakfast, a postman called.
我們正在吃早飯時(shí),郵遞員叫門(mén)了。
表示一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的同時(shí)性時(shí),while 與 as 可以互換。此時(shí)主句和從句中動(dòng)詞必須是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,但有區(qū)別。用 while 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主句動(dòng)詞貫穿于 while- 從句所表示時(shí)間的始終;用 as 則強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)進(jìn)行。如:
She waited outside while I fetched her the coat.
我給她取衣服時(shí)她在外邊等著。
(2) 從屬連詞詞組有 as long as,as soon as,hardly/scarcely/barely when,no sooner than,every time when
Ill tell you as soon as I know.
我一知道就告訴你。
no sooner than 和 hardly/scarcely when;雖然譯成漢語(yǔ)都是一就,但有區(qū)別。區(qū)別如下:
當(dāng)表示兩件事緊接著發(fā)生時(shí)用 no sooner than 如:
He had no sooner pulled down the huts than he found a snake.
他剛拆掉小屋就發(fā)現(xiàn)一條蛇。
當(dāng)前一件事導(dǎo)致了后一件事的發(fā)生時(shí)用 no sooner than 如:
He had no sooner found the tomb than he asked men to guard it.
他一發(fā)現(xiàn)那座墓就讓人看守著。
表示后一件事的發(fā)生往往是出乎意料時(shí)用 hardly when 如:
He had hardly entered the room when he found his TV set stolen.
他一進(jìn)屋就發(fā)現(xiàn)電視機(jī)被盜了。
表示一就,還可以用副詞 immediately, directly 等。如:
I came directly I got your message.
我聽(tīng)到信兒就來(lái)了。
此外,還有一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組,如:the moment,the minute,the instant,every time,next time 等,這些詞也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如:
The instant we heard the alarm, we fell in for action.
我們一聽(tīng)到警報(bào)就立即行動(dòng)起來(lái)。
2. 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞 where 和 wherever
如:Make a mark where you stop.
在停的地方做了記號(hào)。
3. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要是 as,as if 或 just as 口語(yǔ)中有時(shí)用 like。 如:
Lucy cried as if her heart would break.
露西哭得好像心要碎了。
4. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞
引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有 3 個(gè):as,because 和 since。其中 because 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),as 的語(yǔ)氣最弱。如:
I bought an umbrella because I thought it might rain.
我買(mǎi)了一把傘,我原以為天可能要下雨。
since,as,because 在引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)有以下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別:
as 和 since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般在主句之前,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的事實(shí)以說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作的理由,英語(yǔ)多用 as,美語(yǔ)多用 since。 如:
As it is cold outside, Ill put on my overcoat.
因?yàn)橥膺吅芾洌揖痛┥洗笠隆?/p>
because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句,一般放在主句之后,重在說(shuō)明主句動(dòng)作的原因或理由。如:
Did he come because he wanted money?
他是需要錢(qián)才來(lái)的嗎?
當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)被強(qiáng)調(diào)或被否定時(shí),要用 because,不能用 as,不能用 since。如: