2010年高考英語語法精講十二：基本句型
英語的五種基本句型結構：
主語 + 不及物動詞 (SV)
主語 + 連系動詞 (SVC)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (SVO)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(SVOD)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(SVOC)
1. S + V
He works. He is studying.
① 主語 ＋ 謂語(vi.) ＋ 狀語(從句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主語 ＋ 謂語(vi.) ＋ 名詞短語
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there
① 主語 + be + 表語 表語由下列詞充當：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞（短語）、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）、動名詞、從句等
② 主語 + 其它連系動詞 + 表語 這些連系動詞包括：appear, continue, feel, go(變成), keep, lie(處于狀態), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
① 主語 ＋ 謂語(v. + prep) ＋ 賓語
It depends on the weather. 備用詞：act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主語 ＋ 謂語(v. + adv.) ＋ 賓語
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
備用詞：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 介詞 ＋ 賓語
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (間接賓語由代詞和名詞充當)
① 主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主語 + 謂語 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 代詞或名詞
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
備用詞：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 賓語和賓補之間的關系有兩種：主表關系；
主謂關系。賓語可由形容詞、副詞、介詞、動詞不定式充當
主表：① I find the book interesting. (主謂賓＋形容詞)
② I saw him there. (主謂賓＋副詞)
③ I found the book on the desk. (主謂賓＋介詞)
④ We elected him monitor. (主謂賓＋名詞)
主謂：①They saw the thief running away. (主謂賓 + 現在分詞）
②Where did you see him knocked down? (主謂賓＋過分詞)
③ What makes you think so ? (主謂賓＋動詞不定式)
英語的五種基本句型結構：
主語 + 不及物動詞 (SV)
主語 + 連系動詞 (SVC)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 (SVO)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語(SVOD)
主語 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語(SVOC)
1. S + V
He works. He is studying.
① 主語 ＋ 謂語(vi.) ＋ 狀語(從句)
The sun sets in the west. He went nowhere
② 主語 ＋ 謂語(vi.) ＋ 名詞短語
We had come a long way. He waited (for) two years.
2. S + V + C
He is a student / in yellow / there
① 主語 + be + 表語 表語由下列詞充當：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞（短語）、動詞不定式、分詞（短語）、動名詞、從句等
② 主語 + 其它連系動詞 + 表語 這些連系動詞包括：appear, continue, feel, go(變成), keep, lie(處于狀態), look, prove, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, become, come, fall, get, grow, turn
Bob lay sick.
His dream comes true.
3. S + V + O
An idea struck me.
① 主語 ＋ 謂語(v. + prep) ＋ 賓語
It depends on the weather. 備用詞：act as, agree on / with / to,
arrive in (at), come across, base on, break into, suffer from, lead to,
prefer to, think of, fire at, reach for, quarrel about, worry about
② 主語 ＋ 謂語(v. + adv.) ＋ 賓語
I thought over the plan. I thought it over.
備用詞：bring out (up), think out, turn off (on , out, down), give in
NOTICE: v + adv. + prep.
get along with, add up to, do away with,
break away with, keep up with, go ahead with, go through with
v. + n. + prep make use of, make fun of, catch sight of,
take care of, take the place of, take a look at, take pride in
③ 主語 ＋ 謂語 ＋ 賓語 ＋ 介詞 ＋ 賓語
The teacher punished him for being late.
Congratulate him on his success.
Compare this with that.
4. S + V + O + D (間接賓語由代詞和名詞充當)
① 主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語
Will you lend me your pen, please ?
She bought him many toys.
② 主語 + 謂語 + 直接賓語 + 介詞 + 代詞或名詞
Will you lend your pen to me, please ?
She bought many toys for him.
備用詞：pay, give, hand, sell, pass, offer, explain, sing, leave
5. S + V + O + C 賓語和賓補之間的關系有兩種：主表關系；
主謂關系。賓語可由形容詞、副詞、介詞、動詞不定式充當
主表：① I find the book interesting. (主謂賓＋形容詞)
② I saw him there. (主謂賓＋副詞)
③ I found the book on the desk. (主謂賓＋介詞)
④ We elected him monitor. (主謂賓＋名詞)
主謂：①They saw the thief running away. (主謂賓 + 現在分詞）
②Where did you see him knocked down? (主謂賓＋過分詞)
③ What makes you think so ? (主謂賓＋動詞不定式)
