2010年高考英語語法精講二十六：情態動詞
1、情態動詞 + have done sth
這個結構有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測（設想可能發生過什么事情）或
想象（設想可能出現過什么不同的情況）
①should (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtnt to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You neednt have told her the news.
③must have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 過去可能發生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示過去可能發生而未發生的事情。
Pollys very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth
推測過去可能發生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
表示過去沒有實現的可能性：某事可能發生，但卻沒有發生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didnt.)
2、can could be able to 表示能力
can 通常表示現在的或一般的能力---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you cant do anything else.
be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
Ill be able to speak German in another few months.
could 表達 一般的能力---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示可能性
可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發生）；②提出建議
（提出解決某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動）；③在問句或否定句中表達現在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性；②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
could / might 可用來表示： ①說話時某事可能是真實的；②將來
某事有可能發生，但不表示特別可能發生。
You could be right, but I dont think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示允許
①請求允許：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允許：當我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustnt 有拒絕的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you cant / may not.)
5、can和could表示提議和請求
它們常用來提議為某人做某事或請求別人做某事，could更客氣，更
含尊敬的成分，這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中
①提議：
Can I carry your bag ?
I could / can do the shopping for you, if youre tired.
②請求和命令：
Could / Can you help me with this letter?
You can / could start by cleaning the car.
6、情態動詞will
①預測未來（第一人稱用shall)，或發布命令
---Theres someone coming up the stairs.
---Thatll be Mary.
Youll start work at six oclock.
②自愿與意向
I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主動提出做某事，或表達堅定的意圖
---Can somebody help me ?
--- I will.
Ill break your neck.
will you常用來提出要求或下命令，或提出請求
Will you come this way, please?
Will you have some more wine ?
用wont表示拒絕
No, I wont !
She wont open the door.
7、shall
用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見(說話人做某事)。
用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。
用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
8、常用情態動詞的回答
①---Must we hand in our plan ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.)
②---Need I come ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.)
③---May I smoke here ?
---Yes, please. (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )
(No, you mustnt. / may not. / Please dont.)
④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ? (提議)
(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)
---Yes, please. / Yes, Id like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)
(No, thank you.) (不用No, you cant.)
⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will you (please) open the door ?(請求)
---Yes, of course (I will). (No, Im afraid I cant.)
1、情態動詞 + have done sth
這個結構有著特殊意義：用來表示猜測（設想可能發生過什么事情）或
想象（設想可能出現過什么不同的情況）
①should (ought to) have done sth 本來該做而未做
This wall oughtnt to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本來有必要做而未做
You neednt have told her the news.
③must have done sth 對過去所做動作的肯定推測
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 對過去所做動作的否定或疑問推測
I dont think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 過去可能發生某事，與could相比，may和 might可能性較小，might 可能性更小；might 也可表示過去可能發生而未發生的事情。
Pollys very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth
推測過去可能發生某事 （同can, 但can不用肯定句）
She could have gone off with some friends.
表示過去沒有實現的可能性：某事可能發生，但卻沒有發生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
表示有能力做而未做（虛擬語氣）
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didnt.)
2、can could be able to 表示能力
can 通常表示現在的或一般的能力---即你無論什么時候想做就能
做到的能力, 指單純的表示一個人有某種能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you cant do anything else.
be able to表示某人通過努力、克服困難做成某事。
will be able to 表示將來的能力
Ill be able to speak German in another few months.
could 表達 一般的能力---即你過去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表達過去某種具體的能力，此時用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示可能性
可用來表示：①理論上的可能性（不涉及是否真發生）；②提出建議
（提出解決某個問題的可能辦法或者采取的行動）；③在問句或否定句中表達現在的可能性）
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
may 可用來表達：①將來的可能性；②說話時某事可能是真實的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
could / might 可用來表示： ①說話時某事可能是真實的；②將來
某事有可能發生，但不表示特別可能發生。
You could be right, but I dont think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示允許
①請求允許：它們都可以表示請求允許做某事,could 和 might并不是表示過去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允許：當我們允許某人做某事時，我們用can和may來表達，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustnt 有拒絕的意思）
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you cant / may not.)
5、can和could表示提議和請求
它們常用來提議為某人做某事或請求別人做某事，could更客氣，更
含尊敬的成分，這種用法常見于陳述句和疑問句中
①提議：
Can I carry your bag ?
I could / can do the shopping for you, if youre tired.
②請求和命令：
Could / Can you help me with this letter?
You can / could start by cleaning the car.
6、情態動詞will
①預測未來（第一人稱用shall)，或發布命令
---Theres someone coming up the stairs.
---Thatll be Mary.
Youll start work at six oclock.
②自愿與意向
I will (不用 I shall) 表示自愿做某事，或主動提出做某事，或表達堅定的意圖
---Can somebody help me ?
--- I will.
Ill break your neck.
will you常用來提出要求或下命令，或提出請求
Will you come this way, please?
Will you have some more wine ?
用wont表示拒絕
No, I wont !
She wont open the door.
7、shall
用于第一人稱，表示征求對方的意見(說話人做某事)。
用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。
用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。
8、常用情態動詞的回答
①---Must we hand in our plan ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.)
②---Need I come ?
---Yes, you must. (No, you neednt.)
③---May I smoke here ?
---Yes, please. (Certainly. / Yes, you may. )
(No, you mustnt. / may not. / Please dont.)
④---Could / Can I offer you some coffee ? (提議)
(---Will / Would you have some coffee ?)
---Yes, please. / Yes, Id like some ,please. (不用Yes, you can.)
(No, thank you.) (不用No, you cant.)
⑤---Could / Can / Would / Will you (please) open the door ?(請求)
---Yes, of course (I will). (No, Im afraid I cant.)
