高中英語語法-直接引語和間接引語正誤例析
直接引語和間接引語正誤例析
1.Speak English more often in and out of class， our English teacher said to us.
Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. （誤）
Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. （正）
Our English teacher suggested that we （should）speak English more often in and out of class. （正）
簡析：直接引語是祈使句，變為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據語氣需要使用ask，tell，order等動詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補，只能接-ing形式或從句（從句用虛擬語氣）作賓語。
2.Dont play football on the street，little boys， the policeman said.
The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. （誤）
The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. （正）
簡析：如果直接引語是祈使句的否定式，變為間接引語時，要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。
3.Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs？ the young woman said to me.
The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. （誤）
The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.（正）
簡析：直接引語是一些表示請求、建議的疑問句，變為間接引語時， 也變為不定式作賓語補足語。需要注意的是應根據原句的語氣選用恰當的動詞。因為此處原來的疑問句用的是很客氣的語氣，改寫后不宜用order。
4.You clean the classroom after class today，Tom， said the monitor.
The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.（誤）
The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. （正）
簡析：一般而言，祈使句是以動詞原形開頭的，但是如果說話人有意強調動作執行者，也可以在句首加上主語。我們在將其變為間接引語時不能將帶有主語的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來。
5.Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic， Peter said to me.
Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. （誤）
Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. （正）
簡析：當直接引語中有多種句子形式如陳述句、祈使句、疑問句等時，我們就要用不同的方式將各種句子進行轉述。因為原句中直接引語前面部分是陳述句，故變為由that引導的賓語從句，后面部分是祈使句所以變為不定式作賓補。
《英語周報》浙江 葉陳友
直接引語和間接引語正誤例析
1.Speak English more often in and out of class， our English teacher said to us.
Our English teacher suggested us to speak English more often in and out of class. （誤）
Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. （正）
Our English teacher suggested that we （should）speak English more often in and out of class. （正）
簡析：直接引語是祈使句，變為間接引語時，要將祈使句的動詞原形變為帶to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根據語氣需要使用ask，tell，order等動詞，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作賓補，只能接-ing形式或從句（從句用虛擬語氣）作賓語。
2.Dont play football on the street，little boys， the policeman said.
The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. （誤）
The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. （正）
簡析：如果直接引語是祈使句的否定式，變為間接引語時，要將其改為不定式的否定形式作賓補，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not，does not，did not等。
3.Would you please do me the favor to carry the box upstairs？ the young woman said to me.
The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. （誤）
The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.（正）
簡析：直接引語是一些表示請求、建議的疑問句，變為間接引語時， 也變為不定式作賓語補足語。需要注意的是應根據原句的語氣選用恰當的動詞。因為此處原來的疑問句用的是很客氣的語氣，改寫后不宜用order。
4.You clean the classroom after class today，Tom， said the monitor.
The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.（誤）
The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. （正）
簡析：一般而言，祈使句是以動詞原形開頭的，但是如果說話人有意強調動作執行者，也可以在句首加上主語。我們在將其變為間接引語時不能將帶有主語的祈使句與陳述句混淆起來。
5.Its a fine day. Lets go to the country for a picnic， Peter said to me.
Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic. （誤）
Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. （正）
簡析：當直接引語中有多種句子形式如陳述句、祈使句、疑問句等時，我們就要用不同的方式將各種句子進行轉述。因為原句中直接引語前面部分是陳述句，故變為由that引導的賓語從句，后面部分是祈使句所以變為不定式作賓補。
《英語周報》浙江 葉陳友
