高中英語語法-現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意到的一些問題
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意到的一些問題
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)是第9單元的重要語法內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下一些問題：
一、也像其它時(shí)態(tài)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，首先弄清楚用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中哪些可以由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。我們知道，在簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型中，有三個(gè)基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋I(xiàn)nO＋DO，S＋V＋ O ＋OC）可以由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)；有兩個(gè)基本句型（S＋V，S＋V＋P）不能由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。所以，當(dāng)這三個(gè)基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋I(xiàn)nO＋DO，S＋V＋O＋ OC）的謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)才有可能由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。例如：
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre．（S＋V＋O）
The milu deer are being studied at the research centre．
She is teaching the boy a lesson．（S＋V＋ InO ＋DO）
The boy is being taught a lesson．
Now he is making the girl laugh．（S＋V＋O＋OC）
Now the girl is being made to laugh．
還應(yīng)注意到一些動(dòng)詞很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此這些動(dòng)詞在句子謂語用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)也常沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：We are having supper now．一般不能變?yōu)镾upper is being had now．。
二、及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有三種句式：①主語（第一人稱單數(shù)I）＋am being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；②主語（第二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)you，第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) we和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they等）＋are being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；③主語（第三人稱單數(shù) he，she，it等）＋is being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分。所以，當(dāng)句子謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要由原來作賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)的名（代）詞的數(shù)來決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：
They are collecting money for the broadband project．
Money is being collected for the broad-band project．
They are not protecting some animals well enough．
Some animals are not being protected well enough．
三、當(dāng)變?yōu)橹髡Z的原來的賓語（名／代詞）有較長的動(dòng)詞不定式短語（復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補(bǔ)足語等，一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如：
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children．
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children．
They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre．
A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre（by scientists）．
四、如果用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞短語或習(xí)慣用語，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語或習(xí)語只把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，其他部分保持不變。例如：
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby．
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of（by the parents）．
五、當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是S＋V＋I(xiàn)n O＋DO句型時(shí)，既可以把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，但如果是后者，可根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法，把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如：
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures．
His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures（by George）．
Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone（by George）．
She is making Toma new coat．
Tom is being made a new coat．
A new coat is being made for Tom．
六、用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，原來充當(dāng)主語的名／代詞（特別是人稱代詞）在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：
They are adding new functions to the phones．
New functions are being added to the phones（by them）．
Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present．
The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists．
七、當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，其否定式的構(gòu)成主要把 not放在謂語動(dòng)詞中第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（am ，are或is）后面構(gòu)成，而疑問式的構(gòu)成則是把句子謂語動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（am，are或is）移到句子前（第一個(gè)字母要大寫），然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如：
New nature parks are being started in China．
New nature parks are not being started in China．（否定式）
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain．
Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain？（疑問式）
如果是特殊疑問句還要在這個(gè)助詞前面加上適當(dāng)疑問詞。例如：
Why is money being collected？
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意到的一些問題
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)是第9單元的重要語法內(nèi)容。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下一些問題：
一、也像其它時(shí)態(tài)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣，首先弄清楚用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中哪些可以由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。我們知道，在簡單句的五個(gè)基本句型中，有三個(gè)基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋I(xiàn)nO＋DO，S＋V＋ O ＋OC）可以由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)；有兩個(gè)基本句型（S＋V，S＋V＋P）不能由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。所以，當(dāng)這三個(gè)基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋I(xiàn)nO＋DO，S＋V＋O＋ OC）的謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)才有可能由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。例如：
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre．（S＋V＋O）
The milu deer are being studied at the research centre．
She is teaching the boy a lesson．（S＋V＋ InO ＋DO）
The boy is being taught a lesson．
Now he is making the girl laugh．（S＋V＋O＋OC）
Now the girl is being made to laugh．
還應(yīng)注意到一些動(dòng)詞很少用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此這些動(dòng)詞在句子謂語用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)也常沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：We are having supper now．一般不能變?yōu)镾upper is being had now．。
二、及物動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有三種句式：①主語（第一人稱單數(shù)I）＋am being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；②主語（第二人稱單、復(fù)數(shù)you，第一人稱復(fù)數(shù) we和第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)they等）＋are being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；③主語（第三人稱單數(shù) he，she，it等）＋is being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分。所以，當(dāng)句子謂語動(dòng)詞用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要由原來作賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)的名（代）詞的數(shù)來決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：
They are collecting money for the broadband project．
Money is being collected for the broad-band project．
They are not protecting some animals well enough．
Some animals are not being protected well enough．
三、當(dāng)變?yōu)橹髡Z的原來的賓語（名／代詞）有較長的動(dòng)詞不定式短語（復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補(bǔ)足語等，一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如：
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children．
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children．
They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre．
A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre（by scientists）．
四、如果用在現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞是動(dòng)詞短語或習(xí)慣用語，那么這個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語或習(xí)語只把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)，其他部分保持不變。例如：
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby．
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of（by the parents）．
五、當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是S＋V＋I(xiàn)n O＋DO句型時(shí)，既可以把間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，也可以把直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，但如果是后者，可根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣用法，把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如：
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures．
His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures（by George）．
Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone（by George）．
She is making Toma new coat．
Tom is being made a new coat．
A new coat is being made for Tom．
六、用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，原來充當(dāng)主語的名／代詞（特別是人稱代詞）在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：
They are adding new functions to the phones．
New functions are being added to the phones（by them）．
Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present．
The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists．
七、當(dāng)用了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)后，其否定式的構(gòu)成主要把 not放在謂語動(dòng)詞中第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（am ，are或is）后面構(gòu)成，而疑問式的構(gòu)成則是把句子謂語動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（am，are或is）移到句子前（第一個(gè)字母要大寫），然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如：
New nature parks are being started in China．
New nature parks are not being started in China．（否定式）
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain．
Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain？（疑問式）
如果是特殊疑問句還要在這個(gè)助詞前面加上適當(dāng)疑問詞。例如：
Why is money being collected？
