高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
2009-03-18 11:48 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義, 表示某種感情或語(yǔ)氣, 是不完全動(dòng)詞, 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 需和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ). 常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等
一.may / might的用法:
1.表示可以, 即表示說話人許可或請(qǐng)求許可
a. You may take it away.
b. May I come in ?
2.表示可能, 也許 (在疑問句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示是否可能, 會(huì)不會(huì)的意思)
a. He may come today.
b. Is it likely to rain ?
c. Do you think the train will be late ?
d. Can the news be true ?這消息會(huì)是真的嗎?
3.在提建議時(shí), 可用May I ?
a. May I carry your bag ?
b. May I make a suggestion ?
二.can / could的用法:
1.表示許可或請(qǐng)求許可, 相當(dāng)于may. 但can比may用得更廣泛. can不僅表示說話人同意, 準(zhǔn)許, 還可以表示客觀條件許可. may通常只表示說話人同意或準(zhǔn)許
a. The class is over. You can go home now.
b. You can go there tomorrow.
c. Can I borrow your car for today ?
2.在提建議時(shí), 可用Can I / you ?
a. Can I buy you a drink ?
3.表示會(huì), 能, 相當(dāng)于be able to
a. He can speak English.
b. Can you play tennis ?
c. Little Tom cant move the big box.
4.在疑問句中表示懷疑, 不確定或不會(huì)有的情況, 即否定的推測(cè)
a. Can it be true ? 這是真的嗎?
b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通過考試了嗎?
5.cant / couldnt在陳述句中可表示肯定不, 一定不的意思
a. He cant be in the room right now.
b. It cant have rained last night, for the ground is dry.
6.cant / couldnt help doing sth表示不得不,忍不住做某事
a. People couldnt help laughing at the foolish emperor.
7.can / be able to do的區(qū)別:
①.be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài), 而can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)can和過去時(shí)could
②.be able to可以和另一個(gè)不完全動(dòng)詞連用, 如should be able to (應(yīng)該能夠), must be able to (必須能夠)等, 而can則不可以這樣用
③.強(qiáng)調(diào)能力時(shí), 多用be able to
a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.
④.can可用于人或其他事物作主語(yǔ)的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)的句子中
三.must的用法:
1.表示必須, 它的否定形式是need not / neednt, 而不是must not / mustnt, mustnt表示禁止或不許做某事
a. You must set off at once.
b. You neednt tell John about it.
c. You mustnt play with fire.
2.表示肯定是, 一定是的推測(cè)意義; 與此對(duì)應(yīng), 表示肯定不,一定不用cant, 而不用mustnt
a. You must be very tired now.
b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.
c. He must have gone away. We dont see him anywhere.
3.must / have to的區(qū)別:
①.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 即說話人認(rèn)為必須 have to側(cè)重于客觀上的需要, 含有客觀上不得不之意
a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.
b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.
②.must沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 一般用于表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)? have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 可用于過去, 現(xiàn)在, 將來各種時(shí)態(tài)
a. We must study hard when we are young.
b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.
c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.
d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.
e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.
③.它們的否定式mustnt / not have to有很大的不同: mustnt表示不要(做某事), 有禁止之意; not have to表示不必要(做某事), 含有客觀上無(wú)此必要之意
a. You mustnt move a person if he is badly hurt.
b. You dont have to be a doctor to do first aid.
四.would的用法:
1.表示主觀意志和愿望, 即愿意,想要
a. Come here whenever you would.
b. He would not leave before he finished his work.
2.would do sth可以表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 相當(dāng)于used to do sth
a. When we were children we would go swimming every summer.
b. On Sundays he would go fishing for hours when he lived in the countryside.
3.表示請(qǐng)求, 愿望, 語(yǔ)氣客氣, 委婉
a. I would like some tea.
b. Would you mind closing the door ?
c. Would you tell me something about your trip ?
4.表示推測(cè), 表示大概, 也許的意思
a. That would be the pen you are looking for.那也許是你在找的筆吧
五.should的用法:
1.表示義務(wù), 責(zé)任, 可譯為應(yīng)當(dāng)
a. We should complete the text in time.
b. You should be so careless.
2.表示推測(cè)或推論, 可譯為可能, 應(yīng)該是
a. He should be home by now, I think.
b. He should have arrived in Nanjing by this time.
3.should / ought to的區(qū)別:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 有時(shí)含有勸告, 建議的口氣, 即 按我的想法應(yīng)該如何 ought to語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)做某事或者 按道理應(yīng)該如何
a. I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.
b. I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.
六.need的用法: need表示需要, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 多用于否定句及疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You neednt hurry. =You dont need to hurry.
b. It is 11 oclock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.對(duì)于用need的提問, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 敢, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 主要用于否定句和疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
3.should / ought to的區(qū)別:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 有時(shí)含有勸告, 建議的口氣, 即 按我的想法應(yīng)該如何 ought to語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)做某事或者 按道理應(yīng)該如何
a. I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.
b. I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.
六.need的用法: need表示需要, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 多用于否定句及疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You neednt hurry. =You dont need to hurry.
b. It is 11 oclock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.對(duì)于用need的提問, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 敢, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 主要用于否定句和疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
2009-03-18 11:48 來源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有一定的詞義, 表示某種感情或語(yǔ)氣, 是不完全動(dòng)詞, 不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 需和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ). 常見的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等
一.may / might的用法:
1.表示可以, 即表示說話人許可或請(qǐng)求許可
a. You may take it away.
b. May I come in ?
2.表示可能, 也許 (在疑問句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示是否可能, 會(huì)不會(huì)的意思)
a. He may come today.
b. Is it likely to rain ?
c. Do you think the train will be late ?
d. Can the news be true ?這消息會(huì)是真的嗎?
3.在提建議時(shí), 可用May I ?
a. May I carry your bag ?
b. May I make a suggestion ?
二.can / could的用法:
1.表示許可或請(qǐng)求許可, 相當(dāng)于may. 但can比may用得更廣泛. can不僅表示說話人同意, 準(zhǔn)許, 還可以表示客觀條件許可. may通常只表示說話人同意或準(zhǔn)許
a. The class is over. You can go home now.
b. You can go there tomorrow.
c. Can I borrow your car for today ?
2.在提建議時(shí), 可用Can I / you ?
a. Can I buy you a drink ?
3.表示會(huì), 能, 相當(dāng)于be able to
a. He can speak English.
b. Can you play tennis ?
c. Little Tom cant move the big box.
4.在疑問句中表示懷疑, 不確定或不會(huì)有的情況, 即否定的推測(cè)
a. Can it be true ? 這是真的嗎?
b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通過考試了嗎?
5.cant / couldnt在陳述句中可表示肯定不, 一定不的意思
a. He cant be in the room right now.
b. It cant have rained last night, for the ground is dry.
6.cant / couldnt help doing sth表示不得不,忍不住做某事
a. People couldnt help laughing at the foolish emperor.
7.can / be able to do的區(qū)別:
①.be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài), 而can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)can和過去時(shí)could
②.be able to可以和另一個(gè)不完全動(dòng)詞連用, 如should be able to (應(yīng)該能夠), must be able to (必須能夠)等, 而can則不可以這樣用
③.強(qiáng)調(diào)能力時(shí), 多用be able to
a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.
④.can可用于人或其他事物作主語(yǔ)的句子中; be able to只用于有生命的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)的句子中
三.must的用法:
1.表示必須, 它的否定形式是need not / neednt, 而不是must not / mustnt, mustnt表示禁止或不許做某事
a. You must set off at once.
b. You neednt tell John about it.
c. You mustnt play with fire.
2.表示肯定是, 一定是的推測(cè)意義; 與此對(duì)應(yīng), 表示肯定不,一定不用cant, 而不用mustnt
a. You must be very tired now.
b. If he had really been there, I must have seen him.
c. He must have gone away. We dont see him anywhere.
3.must / have to的區(qū)別:
①.must / have to一般可以通用, 但must側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 即說話人認(rèn)為必須 have to側(cè)重于客觀上的需要, 含有客觀上不得不之意
a. If the person is not breathing, you must try to start his breathing.
b. You must / have to study with a teacher if you want to know how to do first aid.
②.must沒有時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 一般用于表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)? have to有時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 可用于過去, 現(xiàn)在, 將來各種時(shí)態(tài)
a. We must study hard when we are young.
b. I think she must remain in hospital for a week.
c. We had to stay there for a whole day because of the rain.
d. We have to practise a lot if we want to speak English well.
e. The situation has changed; we will have to change our plan.
③.它們的否定式mustnt / not have to有很大的不同: mustnt表示不要(做某事), 有禁止之意; not have to表示不必要(做某事), 含有客觀上無(wú)此必要之意
a. You mustnt move a person if he is badly hurt.
b. You dont have to be a doctor to do first aid.
四.would的用法:
1.表示主觀意志和愿望, 即愿意,想要
a. Come here whenever you would.
b. He would not leave before he finished his work.
2.would do sth可以表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, 相當(dāng)于used to do sth
a. When we were children we would go swimming every summer.
b. On Sundays he would go fishing for hours when he lived in the countryside.
3.表示請(qǐng)求, 愿望, 語(yǔ)氣客氣, 委婉
a. I would like some tea.
b. Would you mind closing the door ?
c. Would you tell me something about your trip ?
4.表示推測(cè), 表示大概, 也許的意思
a. That would be the pen you are looking for.那也許是你在找的筆吧
五.should的用法:
1.表示義務(wù), 責(zé)任, 可譯為應(yīng)當(dāng)
a. We should complete the text in time.
b. You should be so careless.
2.表示推測(cè)或推論, 可譯為可能, 應(yīng)該是
a. He should be home by now, I think.
b. He should have arrived in Nanjing by this time.
3.should / ought to的區(qū)別:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 有時(shí)含有勸告, 建議的口氣, 即 按我的想法應(yīng)該如何 ought to語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)做某事或者 按道理應(yīng)該如何
a. I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.
b. I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.
六.need的用法: need表示需要, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 多用于否定句及疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You neednt hurry. =You dont need to hurry.
b. It is 11 oclock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.對(duì)于用need的提問, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 敢, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 主要用于否定句和疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
3.should / ought to的區(qū)別:
should / ought to一般可以通用. should側(cè)重于說話人主觀上的看法, 有時(shí)含有勸告, 建議的口氣, 即 按我的想法應(yīng)該如何 ought to語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng), 強(qiáng)調(diào)有責(zé)任, 有義務(wù)做某事或者 按道理應(yīng)該如何
a. I will start the work at once. I think you should start at once.
b. I will start the work tomorrow. No. You ought to start at once.
六.need的用法: need表示需要, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 注意以下用法:
①.need to do sth; ②.need sb to do sth; ③.need doing sth (主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)
a. You need to remain in bed.
b. I need you to help me with the housework.
c. The garden needs watering.( =The garden needs to be watered.)
2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 多用于否定句及疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. It is still early. You neednt hurry. =You dont need to hurry.
b. It is 11 oclock. Need I go now? =Do I need to go now ?
3.對(duì)于用need的提問, 肯定回答用must, 否定回答用neednt
a. Need I come? Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.
七.dare / dared的用法: 表示 敢, 既可作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞
1.作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí), 主要用于否定句和疑問句中, 不用于肯定句中
a. Little Jane dared not go alone. =Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Dare you go out alone at night ? =Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
2.作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可用于: dare to do sth
a. Little Jane didnt dare to go alone.
b. Did you dare to go out alone at night ?
