GRE Issue高頻提綱——政治類
6. 政治與媒體：
In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings-- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the more society will benefit.
It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social transformations that have the most lasting significance.
7. 其它：
It is possible to identify a persons politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs.
a) 服飾透露出宗教信仰，宗教信仰有時(shí)可透露政治信仰。如：Arabia people,男子身著white aba, 女子use headcloth, black gauze. Islamic. They believe that all the political power gender from Allah, every citizen has the right to participate in deciding national policy.
b) 服飾和談吐同時(shí)顯示出人的階層，受教育程度。通常情況下，中下層階級(jí)更關(guān)注社會(huì)福利事業(yè)，下層人民生活狀況;而中上層階級(jí)更關(guān)心壟斷大資本家利益。
c) 朋友間的政治傾向較為趨同。
d) 有時(shí)外表可能欺騙人。A.有的人比較conservative B 有的人動(dòng)機(jī)不純，如：spy，C國(guó)家機(jī)器press
The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.
The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.
a) 其他國(guó)家的生活質(zhì)量提高會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生正影響.A經(jīng)濟(jì)上如：北美自由貿(mào)易圈North American Free Trade Agreement，世貿(mào)組織，都對(duì)促進(jìn)參與國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。中國(guó)的廉價(jià)紡織品提高了美國(guó)人的生活水平。 B科技上：一個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)成果可以促進(jìn)其他國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展。比如電腦是美國(guó)人發(fā)明的，但是對(duì)世界其他國(guó)家的科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步都起到了作用。
b) 一個(gè)國(guó)家的不安定會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他國(guó)家也受到影響。比如美國(guó)和伊拉克開(kāi)戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，有很多難民refugee涌向了臨近的伊朗等國(guó)家，對(duì)這些國(guó)家的社會(huì)保障造成了很大壓力，也對(duì)這些國(guó)家的社會(huì)治安造成了威脅。有些時(shí)侯還會(huì)滋生恐怖主義，比如阿富汗Afghanistan，社會(huì)的動(dòng)蕩產(chǎn)生了今天的恐怖組織terrorist，對(duì)世界各國(guó)的安全都造成了威脅。
c) 但是對(duì)于一些封閉的國(guó)家，別的國(guó)家物質(zhì)的進(jìn)步與社會(huì)的安定對(duì)他的影響就很小。比如當(dāng)時(shí)的清朝，實(shí)行封閉的政策，雖然西方國(guó)家由于工業(yè)革命而經(jīng)濟(jì)，科技實(shí)力都有很大提高，但是中國(guó)并沒(méi)有借鑒這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)與技術(shù)，最重落后與世界發(fā)展的步伐。
In any profession -- business, politics, education, government -- those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
a) 在government, politics領(lǐng)域最好是要定期更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者， 因?yàn)閣hen leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. 比如 美國(guó)總統(tǒng)任期term四年，所以為了給自己積累政治資本，他們就在任期內(nèi)不敢隨意abuse power而是實(shí)行對(duì)國(guó)家有益的政策
b) 在business領(lǐng)域，更換領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以帶來(lái)新的管理理念，給企業(yè)注入新的活力。比如杰克韋爾奇Welch對(duì)通用的貢獻(xiàn)，引入了新的企業(yè)文化與管理制度，使通用的利潤(rùn)從1.6billion美元增長(zhǎng)到2000年的12.7illion
c) 有些職位需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的穩(wěn)定性，而且需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在職才能得出正確的政策，過(guò)頻繁的更換會(huì)使得一項(xiàng)政策不能繼續(xù)貫徹已得到長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的效果。比如美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)Federal 主席，宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策周期比較長(zhǎng)，需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能有效果，頻繁人事改變不利于穩(wěn)定。
d) 還有許多其他方法來(lái)取得成功，比如精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，合理的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)懲罰制度，更好的權(quán)利制衡機(jī)制。對(duì)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，降低成本。對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，提高生產(chǎn)力等等。
6. 政治與媒體：
In many countries it is now possible to turn on the television and view government at work. Watching these proceedings can help people understand the issues that affect their lives. The more kinds of government proceedings-- trials, debates, meetings, etc -- that are televised, the more society will benefit.
It is not the headline-making political events but the seldom-reported social transformations that have the most lasting significance.
7. 其它：
It is possible to identify a persons politics within a very short time of meeting him or her. Everything about people -- their clothes, their friends, the way they talk, what they eat -- reflects their political beliefs.
a) 服飾透露出宗教信仰，宗教信仰有時(shí)可透露政治信仰。如：Arabia people,男子身著white aba, 女子use headcloth, black gauze. Islamic. They believe that all the political power gender from Allah, every citizen has the right to participate in deciding national policy.
b) 服飾和談吐同時(shí)顯示出人的階層，受教育程度。通常情況下，中下層階級(jí)更關(guān)注社會(huì)福利事業(yè)，下層人民生活狀況;而中上層階級(jí)更關(guān)心壟斷大資本家利益。
c) 朋友間的政治傾向較為趨同。
d) 有時(shí)外表可能欺騙人。A.有的人比較conservative B 有的人動(dòng)機(jī)不純，如：spy，C國(guó)家機(jī)器press
The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people.
The material progress and well-being of one country are necessarily connected to the material progress and well-being of all other countries.
a) 其他國(guó)家的生活質(zhì)量提高會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生正影響.A經(jīng)濟(jì)上如：北美自由貿(mào)易圈North American Free Trade Agreement，世貿(mào)組織，都對(duì)促進(jìn)參與國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。中國(guó)的廉價(jià)紡織品提高了美國(guó)人的生活水平。 B科技上：一個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)成果可以促進(jìn)其他國(guó)家的生產(chǎn)力發(fā)展。比如電腦是美國(guó)人發(fā)明的，但是對(duì)世界其他國(guó)家的科學(xué)技術(shù)進(jìn)步都起到了作用。
b) 一個(gè)國(guó)家的不安定會(huì)導(dǎo)致其他國(guó)家也受到影響。比如美國(guó)和伊拉克開(kāi)戰(zhàn)以來(lái)，有很多難民refugee涌向了臨近的伊朗等國(guó)家，對(duì)這些國(guó)家的社會(huì)保障造成了很大壓力，也對(duì)這些國(guó)家的社會(huì)治安造成了威脅。有些時(shí)侯還會(huì)滋生恐怖主義，比如阿富汗Afghanistan，社會(huì)的動(dòng)蕩產(chǎn)生了今天的恐怖組織terrorist，對(duì)世界各國(guó)的安全都造成了威脅。
c) 但是對(duì)于一些封閉的國(guó)家，別的國(guó)家物質(zhì)的進(jìn)步與社會(huì)的安定對(duì)他的影響就很小。比如當(dāng)時(shí)的清朝，實(shí)行封閉的政策，雖然西方國(guó)家由于工業(yè)革命而經(jīng)濟(jì)，科技實(shí)力都有很大提高，但是中國(guó)并沒(méi)有借鑒這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)與技術(shù)，最重落后與世界發(fā)展的步伐。
In any profession -- business, politics, education, government -- those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.
a) 在government, politics領(lǐng)域最好是要定期更新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者， 因?yàn)閣hen leaders have no fear of losing their power, they tend to abuse their power. 比如 美國(guó)總統(tǒng)任期term四年，所以為了給自己積累政治資本，他們就在任期內(nèi)不敢隨意abuse power而是實(shí)行對(duì)國(guó)家有益的政策
b) 在business領(lǐng)域，更換領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以帶來(lái)新的管理理念，給企業(yè)注入新的活力。比如杰克韋爾奇Welch對(duì)通用的貢獻(xiàn)，引入了新的企業(yè)文化與管理制度，使通用的利潤(rùn)從1.6billion美元增長(zhǎng)到2000年的12.7illion
c) 有些職位需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的穩(wěn)定性，而且需要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在職才能得出正確的政策，過(guò)頻繁的更換會(huì)使得一項(xiàng)政策不能繼續(xù)貫徹已得到長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的效果。比如美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)Federal 主席，宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策周期比較長(zhǎng)，需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能有效果，頻繁人事改變不利于穩(wěn)定。
d) 還有許多其他方法來(lái)取得成功，比如精簡(jiǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)，合理的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)懲罰制度，更好的權(quán)利制衡機(jī)制。對(duì)企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)，降低成本。對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)，提高生產(chǎn)力等等。
