張錦芯、郭慶民談?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)閱讀技能的培養(yǎng)二
筆者建議考生必須采用正確的閱讀方式：邊讀邊有意識(shí)地把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的推理過(guò)程，并在此基礎(chǔ)上考察具體細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行判斷和引申。相反，只靠讀懂文章的大意或孤立地對(duì)照、檢查某個(gè)局部則無(wú)法確保做對(duì)文章所附問(wèn)題。
首先，讓我們以2023年考題第三篇文章為例，概括地說(shuō)明以上閱讀方式的含義和重要性，請(qǐng)考生特別注意用黑體標(biāo)出的部分：
【例1】
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have under gone corresponding changes. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing so unds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored ink on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.?
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the expla- natory notes that a certain line descries a fight between a Turk and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotion-nal life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
【綜合分析】第一句提出作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀。第一段第二句表達(dá)了作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法，這種看法在最后一段第一句得到照應(yīng)，僅僅抓住這兩句，我們對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖就能一目了然。第二段第一句的前半句告訴我們：本段談的是未來(lái)派詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作理念，本段第三句對(duì)這個(gè)理念進(jìn)行了概括性說(shuō)明。第四段舉例說(shuō)明了他們的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)。
相應(yīng)地，下列四個(gè)題針對(duì)這些方面作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀、對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法、未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作理念的重要信息展開(kāi)提問(wèn)。
59. This passage is mainly________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
【分析】該題測(cè)試考生對(duì)文章的宏觀把握。從文章第一段第二句提出觀點(diǎn)和最后一段第一句結(jié)論，不難看出，本文是對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的評(píng)論，因此，[B]是正確答案。
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to________.
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions
[D] accept the principles
【分析】該題的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀。根據(jù)文章第一句，作者認(rèn)為，每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，最好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論其原則在今天看來(lái)可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是數(shù)年后它也許會(huì)被看做是正常的東西。因此，[A]是正確答案，意為：確定其目的。
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
【分析】該題提問(wèn)的是未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作理念，從文章第二段的主題來(lái)看，[C]是正確答案，意為：找出新的表達(dá)方式。
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of a basic change in human nature
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
【分析】本題的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法，作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。在四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中，只有[D]含有批評(píng)意味，意為：與其說(shuō)是文學(xué)，不如說(shuō)是一種稍縱即逝的現(xiàn)象。
【說(shuō)明】題號(hào)為原考研考題題號(hào)，黑體為作者所加，下文同。
以下我們就來(lái)具體談一談如何利用各種線索把握文章的重要信息
筆者建議考生必須采用正確的閱讀方式：邊讀邊有意識(shí)地把握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和作者的推理過(guò)程，并在此基礎(chǔ)上考察具體細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行判斷和引申。相反，只靠讀懂文章的大意或孤立地對(duì)照、檢查某個(gè)局部則無(wú)法確保做對(duì)文章所附問(wèn)題。
首先，讓我們以2023年考題第三篇文章為例，概括地說(shuō)明以上閱讀方式的含義和重要性，請(qǐng)考生特別注意用黑體標(biāo)出的部分：
【例1】
When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have under gone corresponding changes. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered by stops, qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing so unds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored ink on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.?
Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the expla- natory notes that a certain line descries a fight between a Turk and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river and then find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty five kilograms.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotion-nal life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
【綜合分析】第一句提出作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀。第一段第二句表達(dá)了作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法，這種看法在最后一段第一句得到照應(yīng)，僅僅抓住這兩句，我們對(duì)作者的觀點(diǎn)和意圖就能一目了然。第二段第一句的前半句告訴我們：本段談的是未來(lái)派詩(shī)人的創(chuàng)作理念，本段第三句對(duì)這個(gè)理念進(jìn)行了概括性說(shuō)明。第四段舉例說(shuō)明了他們的創(chuàng)作特點(diǎn)。
相應(yīng)地，下列四個(gè)題針對(duì)這些方面作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀、對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法、未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作理念的重要信息展開(kāi)提問(wèn)。
59. This passage is mainly________.
[A] a survey of new approaches to art
[B] a review of Futurist poetry
[C] about merits of the Futurist movement
[D] about laws and requirements of literature
【分析】該題測(cè)試考生對(duì)文章的宏觀把握。從文章第一段第二句提出觀點(diǎn)和最后一段第一句結(jié)論，不難看出，本文是對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的評(píng)論，因此，[B]是正確答案。
60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to________.
[A] determine its purposes
[B] ignore its flaws
[C] follow the new fashions
[D] accept the principles
【分析】該題的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是作者的文學(xué)評(píng)論觀。根據(jù)文章第一句，作者認(rèn)為，每當(dāng)一個(gè)新藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)達(dá)到一定流行程度時(shí)，最好先找出其倡導(dǎo)者的目的，因?yàn)闊o(wú)論其原則在今天看來(lái)可能是多么不著邊際、多么荒謬，但是數(shù)年后它也許會(huì)被看做是正常的東西。因此，[A]是正確答案，意為：確定其目的。
61. Futurists claim that we must________.
[A] increase the production of literature
[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress
[C] develop new modes of expression
[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs
【分析】該題提問(wèn)的是未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的創(chuàng)作理念，從文章第二段的主題來(lái)看，[C]是正確答案，意為：找出新的表達(dá)方式。
62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is________.
[A] based on reasonable principles
[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people
[C] indicative of a basic change in human nature
[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literature
【分析】本題的測(cè)試重點(diǎn)是作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌的看法，作者對(duì)未來(lái)派詩(shī)歌進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)厲的批評(píng)。在四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中，只有[D]含有批評(píng)意味，意為：與其說(shuō)是文學(xué)，不如說(shuō)是一種稍縱即逝的現(xiàn)象。
【說(shuō)明】題號(hào)為原考研考題題號(hào)，黑體為作者所加，下文同。
以下我們就來(lái)具體談一談如何利用各種線索把握文章的重要信息
