MobiletelecomsinPakistan
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Mobile telecoms in Pakistan 巴基斯坦的移動通信業 At last, 3G 終于等到你，3G The government raises a bit of money and gets along-awaited industry started 政府籌集到了一定資金，啟動了長期停滯的產業 Now we can really start shopping 現在我們可以真正意義上開始購物 IN PAKISTAN, as in other poor parts of the world, mobile telecoms are vital to the country sdevelopment, bypassing obstructive bureaucrats and bringing services directly to themassesfrom banking to voter registration. Yet it is the only country in South Asia that doesnot have high-speed mobile internet, because only this week, after eight years of delays andregulatory snarl-ups, did it at last hold an auction of the spectrum required to roll out 3Gand 4G services. 移動通信的發展對于巴基斯坦以及世界上其他的貧困地區的發展至關重要，避開官僚作風的阻礙，將直接服務于大眾從銀行業到選民登記。同時，他也是南亞唯一沒有高速移動網絡的國家。因為在持續8年的推延以及官僚阻滯的影響下，直到這個星期，巴基斯坦才舉行開展3G和4G業務所需頻譜的招標。 Demand for the licences fell short of the government s hopes. The finance minister, IshaqDar, had talked of the auction raising $2 billion; in the end it produced just under $1.2 billion.Successful bids were made by two local operators, Mobilink and Ufone, and two foreign ones,China Mobile and Telenor of Norway. Two other big foreign firms that had been expected totake part, Saudi Telecom and Turkcell of Turkey, got cold feet after, it is said, having theirrequest for exclusive one-year licences rejected. 運營權的需求度低于政府的預期。金融部長Ishaq Dar曾經提及招標計劃是20億美金，但是最后只產生了12億不到。成功中標的包括Mobilink 以及Ufone 這兩家本土公司以及China Mobile 和 Telenor ofNorway這兩家國外公司。其他兩個國外大集團Saudi Telecom 和 Turkcell of Turkey曾有望參與其中，但是卻臨陣退縮了。據說是因為拒絕了他們一年獨家經營權的要求。 The year Pakistan s government first talked about auctioning 3G spectrum, 2006, was theyear Sri Lanka actually started its services. India held its auction in 2010. Even now, in boththese countries only a modest proportion of the population enjoys access to high-speedmobile broadbandbut they are far ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh . 在斯里蘭卡實際開啟其3G業務的2006年，巴基斯坦政府第一次提及3G頻譜的拍賣。印度在2010年招標。即使是現在，這兩個國家只有一部分人喜歡連接高速移動寬帶但是這比例也遠比巴基斯坦和孟加拉要高。 In 2003 Pakistan s then military dictator, Pervez Musharraf, deregulated mobile telecoms toattract foreign investment. But the civilian administration that succeeded him in 2008spent years lurching from one crisis to another, and failed to promote the industry. A newgovernment, in power since last June, has faced down protests from opposition politiciansand, at last, held the auction. 2003年，巴基斯坦當時的軍事獨裁者Pervez Musharraf解除對于移動通信業的管制來吸引外商投資。但是2008年接任的平民政府在不斷發生的危機中步履蹣跚，發展該產業也失敗了。去年六月上臺的新政府面對反對派的抗議，最終舉行了招標。 It could have copied war-torn Afghanistan, which has done without an auction, and simplysold licences at low prices, starting in 2023. It did so on the grounds that the economic boostfrom introducing 3G should be bigger than the one-off windfall from an auction that mighthave got mired in corruption allegations. 它本可以模仿飽受戰亂的阿富汗，自2023年開始，不進行招標，單純地以低價出售經營權。阿富汗這樣做，因為引入3G帶來的經濟發展的利益比一次性拍賣來得高，后者還可能會陷入腐敗的指控中去。 Pakistan s new government, however, needed cash to replenish its foreign reserves. It hasnot got as much as it wanted, but a less competitive auction may give the successfuloperators more of a chance to build a profitable business. They have long been plagued byfickle government policies and tight margins in a market that has some of the lowestaverage revenues per user in the world, at around $2 a month. 但是巴基斯坦的新政府需要現金來重新擴大它的外匯儲備。它沒有獲得其預期的那么多，但是競爭不太激烈的招標或許能給中標方更多的機會來建立一個盈利的項目。他們長期困擾于多變的政策以及市場利潤空間不足的情況，因為一些用戶處于世界上最低收入水平，每月收入在2美元左右。 With a crippling energy crisis that leaves its cities powerless for up to 12 hours a day and thevillages for longer, and an Islamist insurgency that has paralysed businesses and deterred allbut the bravest foreign investors, the country of nearly 200m people sorely needs the boostthat high-speed mobile-internet access should bring. A recent study by a British consultingfirm, commissioned by the Pakistani government, predicted that by increasing economicactivity it could help create up to 900,000 jobs over the next four years, and bring inhundreds of millions of dollars a year of new tax revenues. 伴隨著嚴重的能源危機，巴基斯坦的城市一天有12個小時斷電，鄉村更久。并且伊斯蘭叛亂活動使得商業癱瘓，除了那些最勇敢的外國投資者，沒有其他人敢來。有將近2億人的國家十分需要高速移動網絡連接帶來的發展。最近一項受巴基斯坦政府委任由英國顧問集團進行的研究，其預計通過增加經濟活動，發展高速網絡能在接下來的思念時間幫助創造90萬的崗位，并帶來每年億萬美元的稅收收入。 Nevertheless, as elsewhere in South Asia, the spread of the mobile internet is likely to beslow, since it depends on people replacing their basic handsets with smartphones, whichremain unaffordable for most Pakistanis. So far less than 10% of the country s 132m mobilesubscribers have smartphones, according to industry figures. However, Pakistan s mobileoperators are playing a long game. Even the local ones have deep-pocketed foreign backersthat are prepared to wait for growth to pick up and dividends to flow. 然而，就像南亞其他地方一樣，手機網絡的推廣過程是緩慢的，因為它需要人們將他們的功能機置換成智能機，這對于大多數巴基斯坦人來說是難以負擔的。產業數據顯示，目前，該國1.32億手機用戶中不到10%擁有智能機。但是，巴基斯坦的移動運營商著眼于未來。即使本地運營商也有著有錢的國外贊助人，他們準備等待著發展騰飛、利益的擴張。 詞語解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進行現場檢疫。 2.expect to 期許 They expect to ship another 50,000 this month. 他們預計本月將再發貨50,000只。 The answer will help determine what kinds of revenues the industry can expect to earn. 問題的答案將幫助確定音樂行業能夠預期獲得哪種類型的收益。 3.access to 接近,了解 And did I mention access to capital? 我是不是提到了獲得融資渠道這一點? He is incredibly involved and students have access to him, says backman. 白克曼說：他的投入達到了難以想象的地步，而且學生們也有聯系他的渠道。 4.fail to 未能 Why might those in washington fail to pursue their counterparts on wall street? 為什么華盛頓未能問責華爾街? Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 世事變遷，而且你也未能領會承受折磨的真相。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 Mobile telecoms in Pakistan 巴基斯坦的移動通信業 At last, 3G 終于等到你，3G The government raises a bit of money and gets along-awaited industry started 政府籌集到了一定資金，啟動了長期停滯的產業 Now we can really start shopping 現在我們可以真正意義上開始購物 IN PAKISTAN, as in other poor parts of the world, mobile telecoms are vital to the country sdevelopment, bypassing obstructive bureaucrats and bringing services directly to themassesfrom banking to voter registration. Yet it is the only country in South Asia that doesnot have high-speed mobile internet, because only this week, after eight years of delays andregulatory snarl-ups, did it at last hold an auction of the spectrum required to roll out 3Gand 4G services. 移動通信的發展對于巴基斯坦以及世界上其他的貧困地區的發展至關重要，避開官僚作風的阻礙，將直接服務于大眾從銀行業到選民登記。同時，他也是南亞唯一沒有高速移動網絡的國家。因為在持續8年的推延以及官僚阻滯的影響下，直到這個星期，巴基斯坦才舉行開展3G和4G業務所需頻譜的招標。 Demand for the licences fell short of the government s hopes. The finance minister, IshaqDar, had talked of the auction raising $2 billion; in the end it produced just under $1.2 billion.Successful bids were made by two local operators, Mobilink and Ufone, and two foreign ones,China Mobile and Telenor of Norway. Two other big foreign firms that had been expected totake part, Saudi Telecom and Turkcell of Turkey, got cold feet after, it is said, having theirrequest for exclusive one-year licences rejected. 運營權的需求度低于政府的預期。金融部長Ishaq Dar曾經提及招標計劃是20億美金，但是最后只產生了12億不到。成功中標的包括Mobilink 以及Ufone 這兩家本土公司以及China Mobile 和 Telenor ofNorway這兩家國外公司。其他兩個國外大集團Saudi Telecom 和 Turkcell of Turkey曾有望參與其中，但是卻臨陣退縮了。據說是因為拒絕了他們一年獨家經營權的要求。 The year Pakistan s government first talked about auctioning 3G spectrum, 2006, was theyear Sri Lanka actually started its services. India held its auction in 2010. Even now, in boththese countries only a modest proportion of the population enjoys access to high-speedmobile broadbandbut they are far ahead of Pakistan and Bangladesh . 在斯里蘭卡實際開啟其3G業務的2006年，巴基斯坦政府第一次提及3G頻譜的拍賣。印度在2010年招標。即使是現在，這兩個國家只有一部分人喜歡連接高速移動寬帶但是這比例也遠比巴基斯坦和孟加拉要高。 In 2003 Pakistan s then military dictator, Pervez Musharraf, deregulated mobile telecoms toattract foreign investment. But the civilian administration that succeeded him in 2008spent years lurching from one crisis to another, and failed to promote the industry. A newgovernment, in power since last June, has faced down protests from opposition politiciansand, at last, held the auction. 2003年，巴基斯坦當時的軍事獨裁者Pervez Musharraf解除對于移動通信業的管制來吸引外商投資。但是2008年接任的平民政府在不斷發生的危機中步履蹣跚，發展該產業也失敗了。去年六月上臺的新政府面對反對派的抗議，最終舉行了招標。 It could have copied war-torn Afghanistan, which has done without an auction, and simplysold licences at low prices, starting in 2023. It did so on the grounds that the economic boostfrom introducing 3G should be bigger than the one-off windfall from an auction that mighthave got mired in corruption allegations. 它本可以模仿飽受戰亂的阿富汗，自2023年開始，不進行招標，單純地以低價出售經營權。阿富汗這樣做，因為引入3G帶來的經濟發展的利益比一次性拍賣來得高，后者還可能會陷入腐敗的指控中去。 Pakistan s new government, however, needed cash to replenish its foreign reserves. It hasnot got as much as it wanted, but a less competitive auction may give the successfuloperators more of a chance to build a profitable business. They have long been plagued byfickle government policies and tight margins in a market that has some of the lowestaverage revenues per user in the world, at around $2 a month. 但是巴基斯坦的新政府需要現金來重新擴大它的外匯儲備。它沒有獲得其預期的那么多，但是競爭不太激烈的招標或許能給中標方更多的機會來建立一個盈利的項目。他們長期困擾于多變的政策以及市場利潤空間不足的情況，因為一些用戶處于世界上最低收入水平，每月收入在2美元左右。 With a crippling energy crisis that leaves its cities powerless for up to 12 hours a day and thevillages for longer, and an Islamist insurgency that has paralysed businesses and deterred allbut the bravest foreign investors, the country of nearly 200m people sorely needs the boostthat high-speed mobile-internet access should bring. A recent study by a British consultingfirm, commissioned by the Pakistani government, predicted that by increasing economicactivity it could help create up to 900,000 jobs over the next four years, and bring inhundreds of millions of dollars a year of new tax revenues. 伴隨著嚴重的能源危機，巴基斯坦的城市一天有12個小時斷電，鄉村更久。并且伊斯蘭叛亂活動使得商業癱瘓，除了那些最勇敢的外國投資者，沒有其他人敢來。有將近2億人的國家十分需要高速移動網絡連接帶來的發展。最近一項受巴基斯坦政府委任由英國顧問集團進行的研究，其預計通過增加經濟活動，發展高速網絡能在接下來的思念時間幫助創造90萬的崗位，并帶來每年億萬美元的稅收收入。 Nevertheless, as elsewhere in South Asia, the spread of the mobile internet is likely to beslow, since it depends on people replacing their basic handsets with smartphones, whichremain unaffordable for most Pakistanis. So far less than 10% of the country s 132m mobilesubscribers have smartphones, according to industry figures. However, Pakistan s mobileoperators are playing a long game. Even the local ones have deep-pocketed foreign backersthat are prepared to wait for growth to pick up and dividends to flow. 然而，就像南亞其他地方一樣，手機網絡的推廣過程是緩慢的，因為它需要人們將他們的功能機置換成智能機，這對于大多數巴基斯坦人來說是難以負擔的。產業數據顯示，目前，該國1.32億手機用戶中不到10%擁有智能機。但是，巴基斯坦的移動運營商著眼于未來。即使本地運營商也有著有錢的國外贊助人，他們準備等待著發展騰飛、利益的擴張。 詞語解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進行現場檢疫。 2.expect to 期許 They expect to ship another 50,000 this month. 他們預計本月將再發貨50,000只。 The answer will help determine what kinds of revenues the industry can expect to earn. 問題的答案將幫助確定音樂行業能夠預期獲得哪種類型的收益。 3.access to 接近,了解 And did I mention access to capital? 我是不是提到了獲得融資渠道這一點? He is incredibly involved and students have access to him, says backman. 白克曼說：他的投入達到了難以想象的地步，而且學生們也有聯系他的渠道。 4.fail to 未能 Why might those in washington fail to pursue their counterparts on wall street? 為什么華盛頓未能問責華爾街? Things change and when you fail to grasp that truth you suffer. 世事變遷，而且你也未能領會承受折磨的真相。
