專四寫作三原則

1. 三段論原則

全文多數(shù)情況下分三段。首段與末段都是兩句至四句之間，也有五句的情況。中間的一段句子個(gè)數(shù)肯定會(huì)多一些。首段與末段的結(jié)論結(jié)構(gòu)都是“總+分”，也有“總+分+總”的情況。首末段極其重要，所以我們一定要多加操練。也有寫成四段的情況，注意這時(shí)中間可能有兩個(gè)段落，但首末段的寫法不變，突出其特殊的地位。

2. 組詞成段原則

列出每段關(guān)鍵詞, 每個(gè)詞代表一個(gè)句子, 然后寫出該詞代表的句子, 最后將句子串成一段。這樣可以盡快使你的思維點(diǎn)連貫起來, 快速成段。

以1992年考題“For a better understanding between parents and child”為例, 介紹一下這種寫作方法:

第一步, 我們要仔細(xì)閱讀“outline”, 然后在寫第一段(present situation)的時(shí)候會(huì)聯(lián)想到下列關(guān)鍵詞匯:誤會(huì), 誤解——misunderstanding; 理解——understanding; 抱怨——complain; (父母)過時(shí)了——old?fashioned 或者 behind the times; (向老師或同學(xué))尋求幫助——seek help from...

第二步, 通過這些詞匯我們可以造出句子:

misunderstanding—Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parents and children.

understand—Parents find it difficult to control or even understand their children.

complain, old?fashioned—Child complain that their parents are too“old?fashioned”to agree with what their children say and do.

behind the times—Many children often say that his or her parents are just hopelessly behind the times.

seek help from—The children will seek help from their friends or teachers instead of from their parents.

第三步，根據(jù)以上句子，我們?cè)诰渑c句之間加入合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就可以組成段落了:

Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parents and children.On the one hand, parents find it difficult to control or even understand their children.On the other hand, Children complain that their parents are too“old?fashioned”to agree with what their children say and do.So whenever children are in trouble, they will seek help from their friends or teachers instead of from their parents.

3. 句型多樣化原則

每段構(gòu)造1—2個(gè)長句。使得文章長短句搭配合理, 行文流暢。這就要求考生在備考時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)乇痴b仿寫一些長句, 這樣大家寫作中的句型就可以豐富起來，效果也就會(huì)好得多。

請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)揣摩下列段落中精彩的長句, 并進(jìn)行仿寫:

1) There are many ways to keep fit.Firstly, enough exercises is necessary.People can play basketball or table tennis if they have enough time at their disposal.Secondly, proper eating habits are indispensable.That is to say, never eat too full at lunch while ignoring breakfast, and never take in too much sugar or fat while overlooking vegetables and fruits.Thirdly, high spirits are helpful.Laughter and humor always make people healthy, but anger and anxiety often result in illness.Besides, it is advisable for people to have their physical checkup regularly and to give up bad habits such as smoking and drinking.

2) To bridge this generation gap between parents and children, both of them should be co?operative.For children, they should be considerate of parents for the sake of their hard work.As for parents, they should be tolerant toward children.If both of them can take the first step by actually talking to one another, it won?t be long before the arrival of a better understanding between parents and children.

3) As for me, I prefer to live in the city.First, I can enjoy the conveniences offered by our civilization.Senond, compared with the undeveloped factors of the country, a city is an ideal place for me to make a contribution.Of course, I like to take my vacations in the country, relaxing and appreciating the quiet and peaceful natural beauty.

4) As can be seen from the pictures, smoking is every bit a very harmful habit.Physically, it causes three million deaths in the world every year.Financially, it results in a yearly loss of 200 million U.S.dollars either spent on cigarettes or lost in fire accidents caused by smoking.Yet, despite all these facts, there are still a lot of people who are still addicted to smoking.According to official reports, among the 5.8 billion people of the world, 1.1 billion are smokers, which take up 20% of the total world population.

5) There are three reasons for this effect.Firstly, with the rapid growth of human population, much space has been either occupied or destroyed in the process of industrialization and urbanization.As a result, the space for wildlife to survive is becoming less and less.Secondly, the seious ecological problem, including deforestation, overgrazing and all kinds of pollution, has also done great harm to wildlife.Finally, a lot of wildlife species are killed for food, for money, or even for fun, which also quickens the extinction of some rare wildlife.

6) Nowadays promise?making has become a fashion in every field.But as is shown in the cartoon, some of the promises turn out to be false and deceptive.Just like the most common eggs laid by the hen, what enterprises pledge to fulfill is virtually what they should do.

7) As for the crisis, we should take active and effective measures as quickly as possible.Above all, in order to keep the balance of ecology in the sea, forbidding commercial fishers to go fishing in certain periods of time and areas.Aside from that, all laws and regulations against pollution should be forcefully implemented.Unless we try our best to restore the balance of ecology, there will be no resources available for us to survive.

8) Chinese culture is gaining worldwide acceptance.For one thing, Chinese culture, long in history, varied in form and rich in content, has remained one of the most original, ingenious and vital traditions among all civilizations.For another, China?s success in development lays solid basis for the introduction of its national culture to other countries.

1. 三段論原則

全文多數(shù)情況下分三段。首段與末段都是兩句至四句之間，也有五句的情況。中間的一段句子個(gè)數(shù)肯定會(huì)多一些。首段與末段的結(jié)論結(jié)構(gòu)都是“總+分”，也有“總+分+總”的情況。首末段極其重要，所以我們一定要多加操練。也有寫成四段的情況，注意這時(shí)中間可能有兩個(gè)段落，但首末段的寫法不變，突出其特殊的地位。

2. 組詞成段原則

列出每段關(guān)鍵詞, 每個(gè)詞代表一個(gè)句子, 然后寫出該詞代表的句子, 最后將句子串成一段。這樣可以盡快使你的思維點(diǎn)連貫起來, 快速成段。

以1992年考題“For a better understanding between parents and child”為例, 介紹一下這種寫作方法:

第一步, 我們要仔細(xì)閱讀“outline”, 然后在寫第一段(present situation)的時(shí)候會(huì)聯(lián)想到下列關(guān)鍵詞匯:誤會(huì), 誤解——misunderstanding; 理解——understanding; 抱怨——complain; (父母)過時(shí)了——old?fashioned 或者 behind the times; (向老師或同學(xué))尋求幫助——seek help from...

第二步, 通過這些詞匯我們可以造出句子:

misunderstanding—Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parents and children.

understand—Parents find it difficult to control or even understand their children.

complain, old?fashioned—Child complain that their parents are too“old?fashioned”to agree with what their children say and do.

behind the times—Many children often say that his or her parents are just hopelessly behind the times.

seek help from—The children will seek help from their friends or teachers instead of from their parents.

第三步，根據(jù)以上句子，我們?cè)诰渑c句之間加入合適的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，就可以組成段落了:

Nowadays there is often a misunderstanding between parents and children.On the one hand, parents find it difficult to control or even understand their children.On the other hand, Children complain that their parents are too“old?fashioned”to agree with what their children say and do.So whenever children are in trouble, they will seek help from their friends or teachers instead of from their parents.

3. 句型多樣化原則

每段構(gòu)造1—2個(gè)長句。使得文章長短句搭配合理, 行文流暢。這就要求考生在備考時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)乇痴b仿寫一些長句, 這樣大家寫作中的句型就可以豐富起來，效果也就會(huì)好得多。

請(qǐng)大家仔細(xì)揣摩下列段落中精彩的長句, 并進(jìn)行仿寫:

1) There are many ways to keep fit.Firstly, enough exercises is necessary.People can play basketball or table tennis if they have enough time at their disposal.Secondly, proper eating habits are indispensable.That is to say, never eat too full at lunch while ignoring breakfast, and never take in too much sugar or fat while overlooking vegetables and fruits.Thirdly, high spirits are helpful.Laughter and humor always make people healthy, but anger and anxiety often result in illness.Besides, it is advisable for people to have their physical checkup regularly and to give up bad habits such as smoking and drinking.

2) To bridge this generation gap between parents and children, both of them should be co?operative.For children, they should be considerate of parents for the sake of their hard work.As for parents, they should be tolerant toward children.If both of them can take the first step by actually talking to one another, it won?t be long before the arrival of a better understanding between parents and children.

3) As for me, I prefer to live in the city.First, I can enjoy the conveniences offered by our civilization.Senond, compared with the undeveloped factors of the country, a city is an ideal place for me to make a contribution.Of course, I like to take my vacations in the country, relaxing and appreciating the quiet and peaceful natural beauty.

4) As can be seen from the pictures, smoking is every bit a very harmful habit.Physically, it causes three million deaths in the world every year.Financially, it results in a yearly loss of 200 million U.S.dollars either spent on cigarettes or lost in fire accidents caused by smoking.Yet, despite all these facts, there are still a lot of people who are still addicted to smoking.According to official reports, among the 5.8 billion people of the world, 1.1 billion are smokers, which take up 20% of the total world population.

5) There are three reasons for this effect.Firstly, with the rapid growth of human population, much space has been either occupied or destroyed in the process of industrialization and urbanization.As a result, the space for wildlife to survive is becoming less and less.Secondly, the seious ecological problem, including deforestation, overgrazing and all kinds of pollution, has also done great harm to wildlife.Finally, a lot of wildlife species are killed for food, for money, or even for fun, which also quickens the extinction of some rare wildlife.

6) Nowadays promise?making has become a fashion in every field.But as is shown in the cartoon, some of the promises turn out to be false and deceptive.Just like the most common eggs laid by the hen, what enterprises pledge to fulfill is virtually what they should do.

7) As for the crisis, we should take active and effective measures as quickly as possible.Above all, in order to keep the balance of ecology in the sea, forbidding commercial fishers to go fishing in certain periods of time and areas.Aside from that, all laws and regulations against pollution should be forcefully implemented.Unless we try our best to restore the balance of ecology, there will be no resources available for us to survive.

8) Chinese culture is gaining worldwide acceptance.For one thing, Chinese culture, long in history, varied in form and rich in content, has remained one of the most original, ingenious and vital traditions among all civilizations.For another, China?s success in development lays solid basis for the introduction of its national culture to other countries.