黑龍江省名校高三英語語法專題第2講代詞
一、替代詞one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的用法 1.one替代單數名詞,通常為泛指的不特定的名詞,ones為其復數形式。the one替代前面的單數名詞,表示特指,往往其后帶定語,the ones為其復數形式。 I haven't got a computer.I want to buy one next year. 我沒有電腦,我想明年買一臺。 The dictionary on the desk is much better than that/the one on the shelf.桌子上的那本詞典比架子上的那本要好。 2.that既可以替代特指的單數可數名詞,也可以替代特指的不可數名詞,替代特指的單數可數名詞時,相當于the one。 The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.在冬季,北京的天氣要比南京的天氣冷得多。 3.those替代復數名詞,相當于the ones。 Students in Class One are more hard-working than those in Class Two.一班的學生比二班的學生學習更努力。 【注意】 one替代前邊的名詞,作前邊名詞的同位語時,前邊名詞若是特指,要用the one;若是泛指則用one。 He is a kind student,one who always helps others. 他是一個熱心腸的學生,一個總是幫助別人的學生。 He is the most excellent student,the one who wins the first prize.他就是那個最優秀的學生,那個贏得一等獎的學生。 二、it的用法 1.用作人稱代詞,代替前面提到的事物或人,在句子中作主語或賓語。 —Who's that?誰呀? —It's me.是我。 Your story is interesting,but I don't like it. 你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜歡。 2.用以代替指示代詞(this,that)。 —What's this?這是什么? —It's a panda.是只熊貓。 —Whose exercise-book is that?那是誰的練習本? —It's hers.是她的。 3.當說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時,也可用it來表示。 What a beautiful baby!Is it a boy? 多漂亮的寶寶啊!是個男孩嗎? 4.用作非人稱代詞,表示時間、日期、天氣、溫度、距離等,常用作句子的主語。 It is Saturday today.今天是星期六。 It's two kilometers from school to my home. 從我家到學校有兩公里遠。 5.含糊地指情況、狀況。 How is it in the market?市場上的情況怎樣? It is quiet in the reading room.閱覽室里鴉雀無聲。 6.it作形式主語或形式賓語,而把不定式短語、動詞-ing短語或名詞性從句等真正的主語或賓語置于句末。 It's impolite to speak to others with your mouth full of food.嘴里含著食物跟人說話是不禮貌的。 It's no use going there so early. 這么早去那兒沒什么用處。 I think it more important to learn a foreign language well. 我認為學好一門外語更為重要。 He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 他發現學好一門外語是不容易的。
7.用作look,seem,appear,happen等詞的主語。 It seems that he lost his way.他好像迷路了。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 我昨天碰巧看見他了。 8.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞,尤其是表示好惡的動詞后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,appreciate,don't mind,be fond of,feel like,see to,depend on等后。 I hate it when I have to join the party. 不得不參加聚會我感到討厭。 I will appreciate it if you can help me. 如能幫忙,我不勝感激。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他們會支持你的。
三、不定代詞的用法 1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 都 任何 都不 兩者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none —When shall we meet again? 咱們什么時候再見面? —Make it any day you like;it's all the same to me. 你喜歡哪天就哪天,對我來說,哪天都無所謂。 —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? 周一和周二你哪天能來? —I'm afraid neither day is possible. 恐怕(這兩天)哪天都不行。 —Do you want tea or coffee?你要茶還是要咖啡? —Either.I really don't mind. (這兩種)哪個都行,我都不介意。 2.none,nothing,nobody(no one)的區別 (1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many,how much引導的疑問句;nobody(no one)只能指人,且表泛指概念,常回答who引導的疑問句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引導的疑問句。 —How much money do you have?你有多少錢? —None.一點也沒有。 —What are you doing now?你在做什么? —Nothing.什么也沒做。 (2)none往往與前面的some/any/every+名詞相對應;nothing往往與前面的something/anything/everything相對應;no one往往與前面的somebody (one)/everybody (one)/anybody (one)相對應。 If I had some money,I would lend him some,but unfortunately,I have none. 如果我有錢的話,我就借給他一些,但不幸的是,我沒錢。 (3)none后面可跟of短語,而something/anything/ everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one卻不能。 As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound. 由于我們在睡覺,因此沒人聽到那聲音。 None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他們當中沒人知道那項計劃,因為那還是秘密。 3.each,every的區別 each強調“個體”,可作代詞和形容詞,指“兩個或兩個以上中的每一個”;every強調“全體”,只能作定語,指“三個或三個以上中的每一個”。each作同位語時,不影響謂語動詞的數,不可用not each表部分否定。 Each of my children goes to a different school. 我的幾個孩子各自在不同的學校上學。 Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.=The tickets cost 10 dollars each.=The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每張票十美元。(后兩句中each作同位語) Every man is not honest.=Not every man is honest. 并非每個人都誠實。 4.one,another,the other;some,others,the others的區別 一個/一些 另外一個/一些 剩余的一個/一些 單數 one another the other 復數 some others the others 但注意下列句子: Would you please make it
?(=another day)能否改在另一天呢? He will stay here for
.(=3 more days) 他還要在這里呆三天。 He has
close friends like John. 他沒有別的像John那樣的好朋友了。 some
other
day another
3
days no other 此外,the other只能加可數名詞(單數或復數),不可加不可數名詞;但另外一個短語the rest of(剩余的)后可以加復數名詞,還可以加不可數名詞;副詞else只能放在不定代詞或特殊疑問詞后。 四、全部否定和部分否定 all,both,everyone/everybody/everything以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定;no one,none,nobody,nothing,not...any,以及no+名詞都表示全部否定;但當not出現在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中,不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。
一、替代詞one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的用法 1.one替代單數名詞,通常為泛指的不特定的名詞,ones為其復數形式。the one替代前面的單數名詞,表示特指,往往其后帶定語,the ones為其復數形式。 I haven't got a computer.I want to buy one next year. 我沒有電腦,我想明年買一臺。 The dictionary on the desk is much better than that/the one on the shelf.桌子上的那本詞典比架子上的那本要好。 2.that既可以替代特指的單數可數名詞,也可以替代特指的不可數名詞,替代特指的單數可數名詞時,相當于the one。 The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.在冬季,北京的天氣要比南京的天氣冷得多。 3.those替代復數名詞,相當于the ones。 Students in Class One are more hard-working than those in Class Two.一班的學生比二班的學生學習更努力。 【注意】 one替代前邊的名詞,作前邊名詞的同位語時,前邊名詞若是特指,要用the one;若是泛指則用one。 He is a kind student,one who always helps others. 他是一個熱心腸的學生,一個總是幫助別人的學生。 He is the most excellent student,the one who wins the first prize.他就是那個最優秀的學生,那個贏得一等獎的學生。 二、it的用法 1.用作人稱代詞,代替前面提到的事物或人,在句子中作主語或賓語。 —Who's that?誰呀? —It's me.是我。 Your story is interesting,but I don't like it. 你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜歡。 2.用以代替指示代詞(this,that)。 —What's this?這是什么? —It's a panda.是只熊貓。 —Whose exercise-book is that?那是誰的練習本? —It's hers.是她的。 3.當說話者不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別時,也可用it來表示。 What a beautiful baby!Is it a boy? 多漂亮的寶寶啊!是個男孩嗎? 4.用作非人稱代詞,表示時間、日期、天氣、溫度、距離等,常用作句子的主語。 It is Saturday today.今天是星期六。 It's two kilometers from school to my home. 從我家到學校有兩公里遠。 5.含糊地指情況、狀況。 How is it in the market?市場上的情況怎樣? It is quiet in the reading room.閱覽室里鴉雀無聲。 6.it作形式主語或形式賓語,而把不定式短語、動詞-ing短語或名詞性從句等真正的主語或賓語置于句末。 It's impolite to speak to others with your mouth full of food.嘴里含著食物跟人說話是不禮貌的。 It's no use going there so early. 這么早去那兒沒什么用處。 I think it more important to learn a foreign language well. 我認為學好一門外語更為重要。 He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well. 他發現學好一門外語是不容易的。
7.用作look,seem,appear,happen等詞的主語。 It seems that he lost his way.他好像迷路了。 It happened that I saw him yesterday. 我昨天碰巧看見他了。 8.it用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞,尤其是表示好惡的動詞后面,如:enjoy,like,love,dislike,resent,hate,appreciate,don't mind,be fond of,feel like,see to,depend on等后。 I hate it when I have to join the party. 不得不參加聚會我感到討厭。 I will appreciate it if you can help me. 如能幫忙,我不勝感激。 You may depend on it that they will support you. 你相信好了,他們會支持你的。
三、不定代詞的用法 1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法 都 任何 都不 兩者 both either neither 三者或三者以上 all any none —When shall we meet again? 咱們什么時候再見面? —Make it any day you like;it's all the same to me. 你喜歡哪天就哪天,對我來說,哪天都無所謂。 —Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? 周一和周二你哪天能來? —I'm afraid neither day is possible. 恐怕(這兩天)哪天都不行。 —Do you want tea or coffee?你要茶還是要咖啡? —Either.I really don't mind. (這兩種)哪個都行,我都不介意。 2.none,nothing,nobody(no one)的區別 (1)none既可指人,也可指物,且表特指概念,常回答how many,how much引導的疑問句;nobody(no one)只能指人,且表泛指概念,常回答who引導的疑問句;nothing只能指物,且表泛指概念,常回答what引導的疑問句。 —How much money do you have?你有多少錢? —None.一點也沒有。 —What are you doing now?你在做什么? —Nothing.什么也沒做。 (2)none往往與前面的some/any/every+名詞相對應;nothing往往與前面的something/anything/everything相對應;no one往往與前面的somebody (one)/everybody (one)/anybody (one)相對應。 If I had some money,I would lend him some,but unfortunately,I have none. 如果我有錢的話,我就借給他一些,但不幸的是,我沒錢。 (3)none后面可跟of短語,而something/anything/ everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/no one卻不能。 As we were asleep,none of us heard the sound. 由于我們在睡覺,因此沒人聽到那聲音。 None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.他們當中沒人知道那項計劃,因為那還是秘密。 3.each,every的區別 each強調“個體”,可作代詞和形容詞,指“兩個或兩個以上中的每一個”;every強調“全體”,只能作定語,指“三個或三個以上中的每一個”。each作同位語時,不影響謂語動詞的數,不可用not each表部分否定。 Each of my children goes to a different school. 我的幾個孩子各自在不同的學校上學。 Each of the tickets costs 10 dollars.=The tickets cost 10 dollars each.=The tickets each cost 10 dollars. 每張票十美元。(后兩句中each作同位語) Every man is not honest.=Not every man is honest. 并非每個人都誠實。 4.one,another,the other;some,others,the others的區別 一個/一些 另外一個/一些 剩余的一個/一些 單數 one another the other 復數 some others the others 但注意下列句子: Would you please make it
?(=another day)能否改在另一天呢? He will stay here for
.(=3 more days) 他還要在這里呆三天。 He has
close friends like John. 他沒有別的像John那樣的好朋友了。 some
other
day another
3
days no other 此外,the other只能加可數名詞(單數或復數),不可加不可數名詞;但另外一個短語the rest of(剩余的)后可以加復數名詞,還可以加不可數名詞;副詞else只能放在不定代詞或特殊疑問詞后。 四、全部否定和部分否定 all,both,everyone/everybody/everything以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定;no one,none,nobody,nothing,not...any,以及no+名詞都表示全部否定;但當not出現在含有全部肯定的不定代詞的句子中,不管not在它們之前還是在它們之后都表示部分否定。此外not與總括性副詞如everywhere,always,wholly,altogether等連用時也表示部分否定。