2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)：必修5.3《Life in the future》（講）（原卷版）
（講）-2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)（原卷版）
必修5
單元知識(shí)預(yù)覽
項(xiàng)目 單詞及其詞性變化（語(yǔ)法填空必備）
重點(diǎn)單詞 1．impression nimpress v．給某人深刻印象→impressive adj.給人深刻印象的 2．constant adj.constantly adv.不斷地 3．previous adj.
4．guide n vt.指引；指導(dǎo) 5．surrounding n adj.周圍的→surround vt.圍繞 6．tolerate vt.7．lack vi. & vt. n．缺乏；短缺的東西 8．a(chǎn)djustment nadjust vt.調(diào)整；使適應(yīng) 9．press vi. & vt.n.按；壓；印刷；資訊→pressure n．壓力 10．fasten vt.
11．switch n vt.轉(zhuǎn)換 12．optimistic adj.(主義)的→pessimistic(反義詞) 13．desert n14．typist ntypewriter n．打字機(jī) 15．instant n adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.馬上 16．greedy adj.
17．representative n adj.典型的；有代表性的→represent v．代表 18．settlement nsettle v．定居；解決→settler n．定居者
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1．take up2．be back on ones feet
(困境后)恢復(fù)；完全復(fù)原 3．lose sight of
4．sweep up
5．slide into
()移動(dòng)；溜進(jìn)…… 6．speed up
7．a(chǎn)s a result
8．be similar to...
9．in all directions
10．show...around...
經(jīng)典句型
（高考書面表達(dá)必備） 1．At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.，。2．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.，，，。
3．Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.，。
必備語(yǔ)法（高級(jí)句型） 晨讀范文背誦
背誦這篇范文
假定你是高中學(xué)生李華，你的美國(guó)朋友Jim即將升入高中，想讓你給他一些學(xué)習(xí)建議。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封電子郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 與老師交流，征求老師意見；
2. 上課積極參與討論，專心聽講，做好筆記；
3. 課后積極完成作業(yè)，鞏固知識(shí)。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
【】
Dear Jim,
I’m delighted to hear that you’ll be a senior student. Now, I’d like to share my study tips with you.
First, you’d better communicate with your teachers regularly. In this way, they may offer some great advice on both your study and life. Second, why not involve yourself in each class actively, listen to the teacher attentively and take notes carefully so that you can review later? Third, it’s a good idea to do your homework on time soon after school, which will help you practice what you have learned and make it fresh in your mind.
I hope my advice can be helpful to you and that you can enjoy your new school life.
Best wishes!
語(yǔ)言知識(shí)精析
重點(diǎn)單詞精講
考點(diǎn)1．impression n. 印象；感覺；感想；印記
【教材原句】first impressions第一印象【例句研讀】
(1) What was your first impression of London?
你對(duì)倫敦的第一印象是什么？
(2) I have a good impression of him.我對(duì)他的印象很好。
【歸納拓展】
①make/leave/give an impression on給……留下印象
②impress vt.給……以深刻的印象
impress sth.on/upon sth.＝impress sb.with sth.
使某人對(duì)……有印象；使某人銘記某事；某物/事給某人留下印象
impress on(upon)使銘記
be impressed by/with為……所感動(dòng)；對(duì)……有印象
③impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() The new teacher made a good impression __________the students.
新老師給學(xué)生們留下了一個(gè)好印象。
() My first __________of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.我對(duì)他的第一印象是他是一個(gè)善良、體貼的年輕人。
() It is an ______________ achievement.那是個(gè)了不起的成就．
() His trip to India
a strong impression on him.他的印度之旅給他留下了深刻的印象。
考點(diǎn)2．previous adj.在前的；早先的；先前的；以往的；(時(shí)間上)稍前的
【教材原句】This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying，but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period. 這有點(diǎn)像坐飛機(jī)時(shí)的飛行時(shí)差，但不同的是，你的腦海中似乎在不斷閃現(xiàn)以前的時(shí)光。
【例句研讀】(1) No previous experience is necessary for this job.這一工作無需相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
(2) I couldn't believe it when I heard the news.I had only seen him the previous day.聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，我不敢相信。就在前一天我還見到過他。
【歸納拓展】
previous to＝before在……之前(其中to是介詞)
previously adv.先前地；早先
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() The building had ________been used as a hotel.
這座樓房早先曾用作旅館。
() Have you ever had any___________ career experience?
你先前有什么工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？
（）In full blossoms I'm waiting in the sun, every flower carrying my ________ hope.陽(yáng)光下 我開滿了花靜靜地等待，朵朵都是我前世的盼望。
考點(diǎn)3．surrounding n．周圍的事物；環(huán)境(常用復(fù)數(shù))adj.周圍的
【教材原句】At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.開始的時(shí)候，新的環(huán)境讓我難以忍受。
【例句研讀】
(1) The house is situated in very pleasant surroundings.那所房子所處的環(huán)境非常優(yōu)美。
(2) She has always been surrounded with fashionable friends.她周圍總有許多愛趕時(shí)髦的朋友。
【歸納拓展】
surrounding adj.附近的；周圍的
surround vt.環(huán)繞；圍住
be surrounded by/with...由……圍著/包圍
surround sth./sb.with/by sth.
以……包圍或環(huán)繞某人/某物
【易混易錯(cuò)】
surroundings/environment
surroundings 專指自然環(huán)境，從周圍的事物這一客體著眼。
environment 可指自然環(huán)境，也可指精神環(huán)境。
The girl grew up in beautiful surroundings，but not in a happy home environment.
這個(gè)女孩生活在優(yōu)美的環(huán)境中，但卻沒有愉快的家庭氛圍。
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() She ___________ with fashionable friends.她周圍有許多愛趕時(shí)髦的朋友。
() He likes to _________with beautiful things.他喜歡生活在美的環(huán)境中。
() As a child，I _________love and kindness. 幼年時(shí)，我備受關(guān)愛。
考點(diǎn)4．constantly adv.不斷地；重復(fù)不斷地
【教材原句】I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.我得不斷提醒自己，我真的已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到公元3008年了。
【例句研讀】
(1) He talked constantly about his work.
他不斷地談到他的工作。
(2) There was a constant stream of visitors to Mount Tai.
泰山的游客絡(luò)繹不絕。
【歸納拓展】
constantly經(jīng)常和進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，表示說話者的一種情感。與之用法相當(dāng)?shù)脑~還有always等。
constant adj.
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() The English language is _______changing.英語(yǔ)總是在不斷地發(fā)展變化。
() I'm __________telling her to behave herself.
我不斷告訴她要守規(guī)矩。
() As we know，in our world nothing seems
.我們都知道，在我們這個(gè)世界上，沒什么似乎是一成不變的。
考點(diǎn)5．tolerate vt.容忍，忍受，容許，能經(jīng)受(困難條件)
【教材原句】At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.一開始新的環(huán)境讓我很難忍受。
【例句研讀】
(1) The teacher can not tolerate eating in class.
老師不容許在課堂上吃東西。
(2) Her own mistakes made her very tolerant of/towards (the faults of) others.
她因自己有錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)別人(的錯(cuò)誤)就概不計(jì)較了。
【歸納拓展】
tolerate(doing)sth.容忍(做)某事
can't bear/stand (doing)sth.無法忍受(做)某事
put up with容忍；忍受
tolerable adj.可容忍的
tolerance n．容忍；忍受
tolerant adj.容忍的；寬容的
be tolerant of/towards sb./sth.對(duì)……寬容
【溫馨提示】
tolerate的近義詞(組)有bear，stand，put up with，這些動(dòng)詞(詞組)需要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() He can't bear_______ laughed at.
他忍受不了被別人取笑。
() I can not tolerate her __________.
我不能容忍她的粗魯無禮。
() The school cannot tolerate ________in exams.學(xué)校不能容忍考試作弊。考點(diǎn)6．lack vt.& vi.沒有，缺乏 n．缺乏，短缺的東西
【教材原句】Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.
由于缺少新鮮空氣，我的頭疼。
【例句研讀】
(1) His real problem is that he lacks confidence.
他的真正問題是缺乏自信心。
(2) He did not finish his schooling for lack of money.
由于缺錢，他沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)。
【歸納拓展】
for lack of缺乏……；沒有……；因缺少……
(a)lack of缺乏；不足……
no lack of充足的
lack for缺……，不充足
lacking adj.缺少的，不足的
be lacking in不足；不夠；缺少
【易混易錯(cuò)】
lack與be short of
(1)lack用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常與抽象名詞連用。如：
She lacked the confidence to make friends.
她缺乏交朋友的自信。
(2)be short of 只用于表示具體事物的缺乏，譯為“……短缺”。如：
They were short of money.
他們?nèi)卞X。
【溫馨提示】
①lack用作名詞時(shí)一般用作單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，意為“缺乏；短缺”。后面常接介詞of表示缺少的內(nèi)容，構(gòu)成lack of短語(yǔ)。
②lack用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“缺乏；沒有；短缺”。后面直接接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，千萬(wàn)不要說lack in/of sth.。也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，如跟賓語(yǔ)要加for，構(gòu)成lack for sth.
③lacking是形容詞，意為“缺少的；不足的”。常用搭配是：be lacking in...(＝be short in...)意為“在……上不足”。
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() A diet _________nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值的飲食不能維持人的健康。 () They are so rich that they__________.他們非常富裕，什么也不缺。
() They carried on with their experiment in spite of the
facilities.盡管缺設(shè)備，他們還是繼續(xù)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。考點(diǎn)7．switch n．開關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換vt.& vi.(使)轉(zhuǎn)換
【教材原句】Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen，and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.然后王平在電腦熒屏上的開關(guān)上閃了一下，于是一張桌子和幾把椅子就像變魔術(shù)般從地板下面升了起來。
【例句研讀】
（1）Switch the freezer to the extra cold setting.
把冰箱的冷凍開關(guān)轉(zhuǎn)到特冷檔。
（2）They switched the location of the movie to Hawaii.
他們把這部電影的外景拍攝地?fù)Q為夏威夷。
【歸納拓展】
switch off切斷(電流、氣體等)
switch on打開(開關(guān))；接通(電流等)
switch to更換
switch...to變換為；更改為；遷移到
switch over改用；換用
switch sth.with sb.和某人交換某物
switch sth.from sth.從某物轉(zhuǎn)變到某物
【溫馨提示】 “水龍頭或煤氣的開/關(guān)”用turn on/off；“電器的開/關(guān)”用turn on/off或switch on/off都可以。
【即時(shí)鞏固】
（）Switch ________the TV before you go out.你出門前要把電視關(guān)掉。
（）A lot of banks are
over to the new electronic system because it's more efficient. 很多銀行正在改用新的電子系統(tǒng)，因?yàn)樗矢摺?/p>
（）He secretly switched ________ a different company.他秘密地跳槽到別的公司。
考點(diǎn)8．instant n.
瞬間，片刻 adj. 立刻的，立即的
【教材原句】You place the metal band over your head，clear your mind，press the sending button，think your message and the next instant it's sent.你把這種金屬帶放在頭上，整理思路，按下發(fā)送鍵，然后想著你要發(fā)送的信息，剎那間信息就發(fā)出去了。
【例句研讀】
(1) The telegram asked for an instant reply.
這封電報(bào)要求立即回復(fù)。
(2) I came instantly I saw the need.
我一發(fā)覺有需要馬上就來了。
【歸納拓展】
in an instant(＝immediately)立刻
the instant(that)(＝as soon as)一……就……
(at)any instant隨時(shí)；在任何情況下
for an instant片刻；一瞬間
【溫馨提示】
和 the moment 一樣，the instant和instantly也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“一……就……”。immediately，directly也有類似用法。如：
Jane burst out crying the instant she came in.
簡(jiǎn)一進(jìn)來就大哭起來。
【易混易錯(cuò)】
for an instant/in an instant
for an instant 暫時(shí)，一時(shí)。相當(dāng)于for a while，for a moment，for a minute，多用于完成時(shí)態(tài)、一般時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)，常與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。
in an instant 一會(huì)兒，馬上，立刻。相當(dāng)于in a while，in a moment，in a minute，通常用于將來時(shí)，常與終止性動(dòng)詞連用。
He promised to be back in an instant.
他答應(yīng)過一會(huì)兒就回來的。
Just for an instant I thought he was going to refuse.
有那么一會(huì)兒，我以為他要拒絕了。
【即時(shí)鞏固】
() The police came to my help_________.
警方立刻來幫助我。
() She did not hesitate but answered the question ____________________．她沒有猶豫而是立刻回答了問題。
() The machine is so advanced that it will start the
you press the button.這種機(jī)器太先進(jìn)了，你一按按鈕它就開始運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
