高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品語(yǔ)法課件專題14 主謂一致與數(shù)詞

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　　15．— What is the model plane like?

　　— Well, the wings of the plane are ________ of its body.

　　A．more than the length twice

　　B．more than twice the length

　　C．more than the twice length

　　D．more twice than the length

　　【解析】 B　考查倍數(shù)句型。

　　根據(jù)倍數(shù)句型的構(gòu)成“A＋is＋倍數(shù)詞＋the＋length等＋of＋B”選擇B項(xiàng)。答語(yǔ)意為“機(jī)翼的長(zhǎng)度是機(jī)身長(zhǎng)度的兩倍多”。more than twice意為“兩倍多”。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練專題一正反解讀冠詞專題二正反解讀名詞專題三正反解讀代詞專題四正反解讀形容詞、副詞專題五正反解讀介詞專題六正反解讀動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 專題七正反解讀非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞專題八正反解讀情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣專題九正反解讀動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài) 專題十正反解讀定語(yǔ)從句專題十一正反解讀名詞性從句專題十二正反解讀狀語(yǔ)從句專題十三正反解讀特殊句式專題十四正反解讀主謂一致與數(shù)詞【人教課標(biāo)版】高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品課件 — 語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題專題十四

　　正反解讀主謂一致與數(shù)詞

　　主謂一致

　　在英語(yǔ)的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。近幾年來，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致三個(gè)方面。一、使用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況 1．由and, both…and…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　Both the teacher and the students are working hard.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀正面解讀

　　但當(dāng)and 連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，且第二個(gè)名詞前沒有冠詞等限定詞時(shí)；另外，and連接的兩個(gè)名詞前有each，every等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：

　　The knife and fork lies on the table.

　　2． “the＋形容詞或過去分詞”指一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　The wounded were sent to the hospital at once.

　　3． the people/cattle/police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

　　After hearing the news, the people present were all crying.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀二、使用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的情況 1．單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定代詞，如something/somebody, everything/everybody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　Anybody who breaks the law is to be punished.

　　2．不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　Looking after the baby is my job.

　　3．學(xué)科名詞，以-s結(jié)尾的單數(shù)名詞，以-s結(jié)尾的書名、報(bào)紙雜志名、地方、組織名稱作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Physics is hard to study.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀 4．單數(shù)名詞＋ with, along with，together with，as well as，rather than, as much as, but, except, besides, such as, like, including等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀三、使用就近原則的情況

　　or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, not…but連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：

　　Either the students or their teacher dislikes basketball，otherwise they would take part in the basketball match.

　　四、集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主謂一致的情況

　　若看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若側(cè)重于個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：class, family，population, committee等。如：

　　The whole family are farmers.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀五、幾個(gè)具體情況 1． none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式，也可用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　None of this money is yours.

　　None of these suggestions are very helpful.

　　2．a(chǎn) number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　A number of students study at home nowadays on weekends.

　　The number of students in my class is 63.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀 3． one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后面跟定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即與復(fù)數(shù)名詞一致；the (only) one of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，即與the (only) one一致。如：

　　He is one of the students who are against the plan.

　　The only one of the students who is to be punished is Tom.

　　4．“some＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式； some＋單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，some意為“某個(gè)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　Some student is on duty today.

　　Some students in my class are very lazy.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀 5． trousers, shoes, glasses, scissors等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但a pair of…的結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

　　This pair of glasses is expensive.

　　6．單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)。

　　英語(yǔ)中一些單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其表達(dá)的意義來決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，常見的這類名詞有works(工廠)，police(警察)，sheep(綿羊)，deer(鹿)，fish(魚)，means(方法)，species(種類)，Chinese(中國(guó)人)，Japanese(日本人)；Swiss(瑞士人)；series(系列)等。如：

　　Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀 7． what /whoever /which引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)要看what /whoever /which所指代的詞的意義來決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)。如：

　　What he said is true.

　　What we need are more volunteers.

　　8． “分?jǐn)?shù)(百分?jǐn)?shù))＋of ＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)名詞確定。如：

　　One third of us are boys.

　　Two fifths of water is clear.

　　專題十四 │ 正面解讀 9． “more than one /many a ＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，盡管其意義復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是用單數(shù)形式。但“more than ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　數(shù)詞

　　數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、分?jǐn)?shù)、小數(shù)和概數(shù)。復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要注意下面問題： 1．基數(shù)詞的意義：表示事物數(shù)量的多少，特別是hundred，thousand，million等，前面若有基數(shù)詞或某些表示數(shù)量的形容詞時(shí)，它們只能用單數(shù)。專題十四 │ 正面解讀 2．序數(shù)詞一般由基數(shù)詞＋th構(gòu)成。以y結(jié)尾的基數(shù)詞構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時(shí)，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加eth。如twentieth; fiftieth。常用的不規(guī)則的序數(shù)詞有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。序數(shù)詞前通常要加定冠詞the，但序數(shù)詞不表示順序而表示“再一；又一”時(shí)，前面要用不定冠詞a(an)。

　　3．另外要注意年代的表達(dá)“the＋年代s或the ＋年代's”和名詞與數(shù)詞的關(guān)系：“the＋序數(shù)詞＋名詞” 或 “名詞＋基數(shù)詞”等。專題十四 │ 正面解讀 4．分?jǐn)?shù)的形式：分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞大于“1”時(shí)，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 5．小數(shù)的組成和讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作point，小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按基數(shù)詞的方法讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按數(shù)字讀。專題十四 │ 正面解讀 1．單句改錯(cuò) (1) One or perhaps more pages is missing.

　　【解析】

　　is改為are。由or連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。 (2) Large quantities of food was carried to the city.

　　【解析】

　　was改為were。“l(fā)arge quantities of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，即與quantities一致。專題十四 │ 反面解讀反面解讀 (3) All he said are wrong.

　　【解析】

　　are改為is。all 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若all為復(fù)數(shù)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，若all為一個(gè)整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 (4) The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.

　　【解析】

　　are改為is。當(dāng)as well as連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面一個(gè)名詞保持一致。專題十四 │ 反面解讀 2．【誤】

　　Several millions people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.

　　【正】

　　Several million people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.

　　【解析】在million，hundred等前如果有具體數(shù)字或 several等詞修飾時(shí)，要用單數(shù)形式。但在表示不確切數(shù)目時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)，如：表示“數(shù)百萬(wàn)”，應(yīng)為millions of。專題十四 │ 反面解讀 3． The company had about 20 computers but only one-third ________ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long.

　　A．is

　　B．a(chǎn)re

　　C．was

　　D．were

　　【誤】學(xué)生可能以為one-third是分?jǐn)?shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)而誤選A 或C; 另外學(xué)生也可能不確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)而誤選B。

　　【正】答案為D。

　　【解析】本題中的one-third指代的是computers的三分之一，因此此處謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，且該句話說的是過去的事情。

　　專題十四 │ 反面解讀 1．[2009·山東卷] The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1990.

　　A．is

　　B．a(chǎn)re

　　C．has been

　　D．have been

　　【解析】 C　主語(yǔ)是 the number，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，又因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是since 1990，所以用完成時(shí)態(tài)。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 2． —Did you go to the show last night?

　　—Yeah. Every boy and every girl in the area ________ invited.

　　A．were

　　B．have been

　　C．has been

　　D．was

　　【解析】 D　由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞同時(shí)被every，each或no修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。再?gòu)膯柧涞?last night可以看出，應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 3． [2009·四川卷] The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.

　　A．a(chǎn)re; were

　　B．is; were

　　C．a(chǎn)re; was

　　D．is; was

　　【解析】 D　第一空謂語(yǔ)要和the teacher一致；第二空that指代Reading Skills這本書，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 4． Shortly after the accident，two ________ police were sent to the spot to keep order.

　　A．dozens of

　　B．dozens

　　C．dozens' of

　　D．dozen

　　【解析】 D　dozen, score，hundred, thousand，million等名詞前面有數(shù)詞或several等詞修飾時(shí)，這些詞一般不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在下列短語(yǔ)中加s，并與of連用：dozens of (許多的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of (數(shù)百萬(wàn)的)。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 5． He did it ________ it took me.

　　A．one third a time

　　B．one third time

　　C．the one third time

　　D．one third the time

　　【解析】 D　考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析和倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。句意為：他做這件事只用了我(做這件事)三分之一的時(shí)間。這句話包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the time，只是關(guān)系詞已省略。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 6． [2010·四川卷]

　　Such poets as Shakespeare ________ widely read，of whose works，however，some ________ difficult to understand.

　　A．a(chǎn)re；are

　　B．is；is

　　C．a(chǎn)re；is

　　D．is；are

　　【解析】 A　考查主謂一致。第一空poets作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用are，第二空some of his works作主語(yǔ)，

　　表示復(fù)數(shù)的概念，依然用are。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 7． [2010·湖南卷] Listening to loud music at rock concerts ________

　　caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

　　A．is

　　B．a(chǎn)re

　　C．has

　　D．have

　　【解析】 C　考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，由此排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)與caused的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除A，選C。 8． The secretary and headmaster of the school ________ the meeting.

　　A．were going to

　　B．a(chǎn)re going to

　　C．a(chǎn)re having

　　D．is to attend

　　【解析】 D　只有and前的名詞前有冠詞，表示“書記兼校長(zhǎng)”，指同一個(gè)人，選D。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 9． [2009·陜西卷] Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, ________visit Beijing this summer.

　　A．is going to

　　B．a(chǎn)re going to

　　C．was going to

　　D．were going to

　　【解析】 A　考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。主語(yǔ)是Dr. Smith，表單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是this summer, 表計(jì)劃性的將來，故時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來時(shí)，選A。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 10．Either you or one of your students

　　________

　　to attend the match that is due Tuesday.

　　A．a(chǎn)re

　　B．is

　　C．have

　　D．Be

　　【解析】 B　考查主謂一致的用法。

　　either…or…連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，按就近原則來確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 11．An average of 130,000 Chinese ________ abroad for studies every year over the past few years, boosting exchanges in the educational fields.

　　A．was going

　　B．have been going

　　C．has been going

　　D．a(chǎn)re going

　　【解析】 B　考查主謂一致及時(shí)態(tài)。

　　該句的主語(yǔ)是An average of 130,000 Chinese，故應(yīng)將答案鎖定在B、D中。由于短語(yǔ)over the past few years知用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 12．What the science teacher does and says ________ of great importance to college students.

　　A．was

　　B．a(chǎn)re

　　C．is

　　D．Were

　　【解析】 C　考查主謂一致。句意為：這個(gè)科學(xué)老師所做的和所說的對(duì)大學(xué)生很重要。and連接的主語(yǔ)表示同一件事的兩個(gè)方面，表示單數(shù)含義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 13．Since he became a taxi driver, his income is ________ as before.

　　A．three times as many

　　B．more than three times

　　C．three times as much

　　D．a(chǎn)s three times

　　【解析】 C　考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。正確形式應(yīng)為：倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞、副詞的原級(jí)＋as; 倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than…故答案為C。專題十四 │ 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 14．[2010·陜西卷] It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area.

　　A．a(chǎn)re being built

　　B．were being built

　　C．was being built

　　D．is being built

　　【解析】 D　本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。many a 加名詞單數(shù)，