高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 主謂一致

　　高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 主謂一致

　　2009-03-18 11:40 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]

　　概 述

　　主謂一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致(或叫形式一致)，意義一致或就近一致

　　①.語(yǔ)法一致: 主謂在語(yǔ)法形式上一致, 即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

　　②.意義一致: 根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在涵義的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)

　　③.就近一致: 一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)和靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致

　　分 述

　　1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定代詞somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)

　　a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.

　　b. Nobody knows the answer.

　　有些不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 據(jù)意義確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù). 若不定代詞所指為單數(shù)意義, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 若不定代詞所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義, 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 這類詞有: all, some, any, more, most, half等

　　a. All are happy to hear the news.

　　b. All that has to be done has been done.

　　c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

　　d. Half of the wood has been carried away.

　　2.集體名詞如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果將其看作一個(gè)整體, 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 若看成其中的成員(個(gè)體), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.

　　b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.

　　集體名詞people, cattle, police, youth等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. The police are looking for the thief.

　　b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.

　　3.代詞none和neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù). 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人著眼于 任何一個(gè)都不時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人著眼于 全都不時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. None of them has a car. ( 他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人有汽車 )

　　b. None of them have a car. ( 他們都沒(méi)有汽車 )

　　c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也不知道答案 )

　　d. None of them know the answer. ( 他們兩個(gè)都不知道答案 )

　　4.bothand連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù). eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 采取 就近原則, 即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致

　　a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.

　　b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.

　　c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.

　　5.在There be和Here be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 句子的主語(yǔ)在be之后, 如果主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè), 那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致

　　a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.

　　b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.

　　c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.

　　6.如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式只與主語(yǔ)有關(guān), 而與其后的短語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)

　　a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.

　　b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.

　　c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.

　　d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.

　　7.表示時(shí)間, 長(zhǎng)度, 距離, 金額, 價(jià)值, 重量, 容量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常作整體看待, 即表示總量或總和, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 若把它們看作一個(gè)個(gè)的個(gè)體, 即強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體數(shù)量時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　a. Twenty years is a long time to us.

　　b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.

　　c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.

　　d. There are ten minutes left.

　　8.在四則運(yùn)算中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可, 但單數(shù)形式更為多用

　　a. Two and ten is / are twelve.

　　b. Three times five is / are fifteen.

　　9.動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.

　　b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.

　　10.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù). 但若主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. What we need is more time.

　　b. What we need are more doctors.

　　11.以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù), 這類專有名詞如: General Motors(通用汽車公司), the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó)), the United States, the New York Times(紐約時(shí)報(bào))等.

　　a. The New York Times is published daily.

　　b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.

　　表示群島, 山脈, 瀑布的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù), 如:the Andes(安第斯山脈), the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈), the West Indies(西印度群島), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)

　　12.有些形式為復(fù)數(shù), 而意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 這類名詞如: news, works(工廠), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))等

　　13.以-s或-es結(jié)尾, 由對(duì)稱的兩部分構(gòu)成的物體作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 這類物體如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔褲), scissors(剪刀), shades(太陽(yáng)鏡)等. 如果這類名詞前用了pair, 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于pair的數(shù)

　　a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.

　　b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.

　　14. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的可數(shù)與否采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.

　　c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.

　　d. One third of the water has been wasted.

　　15.用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時(shí), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.

　　b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.

　　16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質(zhì), 則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. The old in the city are taken good care of.

　　b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂(lè)

　　17.more than one和 many a + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學(xué)生獲了獎(jiǎng)

　　b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. No man and woman has joined the party.

　　19.主語(yǔ)中有pair, glass等量詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與這些量詞保持一致

　　a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.

　　14. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的可數(shù)與否采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.

　　c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.

　　d. One third of the water has been wasted.

　　15.用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時(shí), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.

　　b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.

　　16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質(zhì), 則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. The old in the city are taken good care of.

　　b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂(lè)

　　17.more than one和 many a + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學(xué)生獲了獎(jiǎng)

　　b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. No man and woman has joined the party.

　　19.主語(yǔ)中有pair, glass等量詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與這些量詞保持一致

　　a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed

　　高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng) 主謂一致

　　2009-03-18 11:40 來(lái)源：互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 作者：佚名 [打印] [評(píng)論]

　　概 述

　　主謂一致是指句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致(或叫形式一致)，意義一致或就近一致

　　①.語(yǔ)法一致: 主謂在語(yǔ)法形式上一致, 即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù), 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

　　②.意義一致: 根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在涵義的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)

　　③.就近一致: 一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)和靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致

　　分 述

　　1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是不定代詞somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)

　　a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.

　　b. Nobody knows the answer.

　　有些不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 據(jù)意義確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù). 若不定代詞所指為單數(shù)意義, 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); 若不定代詞所指為復(fù)數(shù)意義, 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù). 這類詞有: all, some, any, more, most, half等

　　a. All are happy to hear the news.

　　b. All that has to be done has been done.

　　c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.

　　d. Half of the wood has been carried away.

　　2.集體名詞如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 如果將其看作一個(gè)整體, 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 若看成其中的成員(個(gè)體), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.

　　b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.

　　集體名詞people, cattle, police, youth等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. The police are looking for the thief.

　　b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.

　　3.代詞none和neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意思用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù). 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人著眼于 任何一個(gè)都不時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 當(dāng)說(shuō)話人著眼于 全都不時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. None of them has a car. ( 他們沒(méi)有一個(gè)人有汽車 )

　　b. None of them have a car. ( 他們都沒(méi)有汽車 )

　　c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他們兩個(gè)誰(shuí)也不知道答案 )

　　d. None of them know the answer. ( 他們兩個(gè)都不知道答案 )

　　4.bothand連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù). eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí), 采取 就近原則, 即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近它的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致

　　a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.

　　b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.

　　c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.

　　5.在There be和Here be結(jié)構(gòu)中, 句子的主語(yǔ)在be之后, 如果主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè), 那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be與鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致

　　a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.

　　b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.

　　c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.

　　6.如果主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式只與主語(yǔ)有關(guān), 而與其后的短語(yǔ)無(wú)關(guān)

　　a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.

　　b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.

　　c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.

　　d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.

　　7.表示時(shí)間, 長(zhǎng)度, 距離, 金額, 價(jià)值, 重量, 容量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 通常作整體看待, 即表示總量或總和, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 若把它們看作一個(gè)個(gè)的個(gè)體, 即強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體數(shù)量時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　a. Twenty years is a long time to us.

　　b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.

　　c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.

　　d. There are ten minutes left.

　　8.在四則運(yùn)算中, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)均可, 但單數(shù)形式更為多用

　　a. Two and ten is / are twelve.

　　b. Three times five is / are fifteen.

　　9.動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.

　　b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.

　　10.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù). 但若主語(yǔ)從句所指的具體內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. What we need is more time.

　　b. What we need are more doctors.

　　11.以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù), 這類專有名詞如: General Motors(通用汽車公司), the United Nations(聯(lián)合國(guó)), the United States, the New York Times(紐約時(shí)報(bào))等.

　　a. The New York Times is published daily.

　　b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.

　　表示群島, 山脈, 瀑布的專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù), 如:the Andes(安第斯山脈), the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈), the West Indies(西印度群島), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)

　　12.有些形式為復(fù)數(shù), 而意義為單數(shù)的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 這類名詞如: news, works(工廠), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(數(shù)學(xué))等

　　13.以-s或-es結(jié)尾, 由對(duì)稱的兩部分構(gòu)成的物體作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 這類物體如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔褲), scissors(剪刀), shades(太陽(yáng)鏡)等. 如果這類名詞前用了pair, 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于pair的數(shù)

　　a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.

　　b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.

　　14. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的可數(shù)與否采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.

　　c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.

　　d. One third of the water has been wasted.

　　15.用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時(shí), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.

　　b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.

　　16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質(zhì), 則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. The old in the city are taken good care of.

　　b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂(lè)

　　17.more than one和 many a + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學(xué)生獲了獎(jiǎng)

　　b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. No man and woman has joined the party.

　　19.主語(yǔ)中有pair, glass等量詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與這些量詞保持一致

　　a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.

　　14. 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞視名詞的可數(shù)與否采用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)

　　a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.

　　b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.

　　c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.

　　d. One third of the water has been wasted.

　　15.用and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). 如果and連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時(shí), 則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.

　　b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.

　　16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù). the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質(zhì), 則謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. The old in the city are taken good care of.

　　b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂(lè)

　　17.more than one和 many a + 單數(shù)名詞 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學(xué)生獲了獎(jiǎng)

　　b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯(cuò)誤。

　　18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)

　　a. No man and woman has joined the party.

　　19.主語(yǔ)中有pair, glass等量詞時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與這些量詞保持一致

　　a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed