英語講義【87】動詞形態的誤用
前此，談到動詞形態和被動語態的關系，并且指出動詞過去分詞的重要，以及它是許多錯誤之源。
除此之外，其他類型的錯誤，也屢見不鮮，包括下列四種：
㈠不定式動詞（the infinitive），如：
① An applicant was rejected, but the personnel manager who rang up with the bad news promised to help her looked for a job elsewhere.
凡在HELP+賓語后面出現的一定是不定式動詞，可以帶to ，也可以不帶to，但是絕對不可以是其他形式的動詞，因此 looked要改為look或to look。
另一個和MAKE有關的句型，也常有形態問題，如：
② The sight of the horrible animal made our blood ran cold.
③ The long distance between Singapore and China makes Singapores businessmen considering going to nearer countries to invest.
②里的ran和③里的considering都是動詞形態之誤，要分別改成run和consider才對。
要注意的是HELP后頭的不定式動詞可以有to或不帶to，但MAKE后面的不定式動詞絕對不可有to。
㈡過去分詞（the past participle），如
④ Like other teaching methods, group discussion can assist students in solving recognising problems.
在英語里，過去分詞和現在分詞都可以轉化為名詞修飾語。前者表示被動及完成的活動；后者則表示主動及未完成的動作。④里的名詞problems是已經認同的，因此現在分詞recognising要改為過去分詞recognised才合理。
同樣的，⑤里的describing也要改為described。
⑤ The instructional techniques describing in the book have some striking features.
㈢原形動詞，如：
⑥ Day in day out, housewives will lost contact with the outside world.
在英語助動詞do, shall, have等或情態動詞can, may, must等后面出現的是原形動詞，其他形式的動詞都不對。因此，⑥ 里的lost要改為lose。⑦和⑧里的spent 和 entrusted也應為spend和entrust。
⑦ Instead of joining violent demonstrators, students should spent their time studying.
⑧ Can mothers confidently entrusted their children to any day-care centre?
㈣動名詞，如：
⑨ Prior to analyse teaching methods, it is important for the teacher to know something about the students learning strategies.
⑨里的prior to等于介詞before，后頭帶賓語。其中一種賓語是動名詞或動名詞短語（gerund/gerund phrase）。顯然的，原形的analyse要變成analysing。⑩里的engage和╆里的to repair and restore也非改成engaging和repairing and restoring不可： ⑩ They should concentrate on their studies instead of engage themselves in mobs. ╆ The authorities spent a lot of money to repair and restore damaged public buildings.
前此，談到動詞形態和被動語態的關系，并且指出動詞過去分詞的重要，以及它是許多錯誤之源。
除此之外，其他類型的錯誤，也屢見不鮮，包括下列四種：
㈠不定式動詞（the infinitive），如：
① An applicant was rejected, but the personnel manager who rang up with the bad news promised to help her looked for a job elsewhere.
凡在HELP+賓語后面出現的一定是不定式動詞，可以帶to ，也可以不帶to，但是絕對不可以是其他形式的動詞，因此 looked要改為look或to look。
另一個和MAKE有關的句型，也常有形態問題，如：
② The sight of the horrible animal made our blood ran cold.
③ The long distance between Singapore and China makes Singapores businessmen considering going to nearer countries to invest.
②里的ran和③里的considering都是動詞形態之誤，要分別改成run和consider才對。
要注意的是HELP后頭的不定式動詞可以有to或不帶to，但MAKE后面的不定式動詞絕對不可有to。
㈡過去分詞（the past participle），如
④ Like other teaching methods, group discussion can assist students in solving recognising problems.
在英語里，過去分詞和現在分詞都可以轉化為名詞修飾語。前者表示被動及完成的活動；后者則表示主動及未完成的動作。④里的名詞problems是已經認同的，因此現在分詞recognising要改為過去分詞recognised才合理。
同樣的，⑤里的describing也要改為described。
⑤ The instructional techniques describing in the book have some striking features.
㈢原形動詞，如：
⑥ Day in day out, housewives will lost contact with the outside world.
在英語助動詞do, shall, have等或情態動詞can, may, must等后面出現的是原形動詞，其他形式的動詞都不對。因此，⑥ 里的lost要改為lose。⑦和⑧里的spent 和 entrusted也應為spend和entrust。
⑦ Instead of joining violent demonstrators, students should spent their time studying.
⑧ Can mothers confidently entrusted their children to any day-care centre?
㈣動名詞，如：
⑨ Prior to analyse teaching methods, it is important for the teacher to know something about the students learning strategies.
⑨里的prior to等于介詞before，后頭帶賓語。其中一種賓語是動名詞或動名詞短語（gerund/gerund phrase）。顯然的，原形的analyse要變成analysing。⑩里的engage和╆里的to repair and restore也非改成engaging和repairing and restoring不可： ⑩ They should concentrate on their studies instead of engage themselves in mobs. ╆ The authorities spent a lot of money to repair and restore damaged public buildings.
