雅思閱讀:初探是非判斷題難點(diǎn)

　　1. 關(guān)于False和Not Given的解釋

　　Students generally find this type of exercise rather difficult. One reason is that they are used to doing true and false exercises where the false covers false and not given. Then when they come to do true, false or not given, they cannot make the distinction between the three different types of contradiction and not given. It is therefore important that students are able to understand what false means in true, false and not given. There are three types of contradictions:

　　學(xué)生通常發(fā)現(xiàn)這種題型很難。其中的原因之一是這些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于做true和false題目，其中的false涵蓋了false和not given兩種情況。所以當(dāng)學(xué)生在做true, false和 not given的題目時(shí)他們無法區(qū)分三個(gè)不同種類的矛盾對(duì)立狀況和not given的區(qū)別。因此，學(xué)生要理解false的含義。總共有三種矛盾對(duì)立狀況：

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text.

　　命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立。

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.

　　命題與原文對(duì)立，因?yàn)槊}否定原文內(nèi)容。

　　statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.

　　命題信息既不對(duì)立也不否定，但是和原文內(nèi)容矛盾。

　　Look at the examples below relating to the text and exercises:

　　Example 1

　　原文：Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

　　題目：Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.

　　分析：由于原文中的核心內(nèi)容是at least 74 miles per hour，而題目中是up to 74 miles per hour。因此，這就是False的第一種情況：命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立。

　　Example 2

　　原文：As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evacuate ahead of the storm. While destruction still continues, the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.

　　題目：The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.

　　分析：原文的核心內(nèi)容是While destruction still continues，而題目中的內(nèi)容是The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased。因此，這就是False的第二種情況：命題否定原文內(nèi)容。

　　Example 3

　　原文：In 1609, a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was struck by a hurricane. Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda, an isolated nation in the Atlantic. These passengers became the first people to live on Bermuda.

　　題目：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England.

　　分析：通過原文和題目比較我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：沒有明顯的對(duì)立和否定的詞匯出現(xiàn)。而是通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此，這就是False的第三種情況。

　　1. 關(guān)于False和Not Given的解釋

　　Students generally find this type of exercise rather difficult. One reason is that they are used to doing true and false exercises where the false covers false and not given. Then when they come to do true, false or not given, they cannot make the distinction between the three different types of contradiction and not given. It is therefore important that students are able to understand what false means in true, false and not given. There are three types of contradictions:

　　學(xué)生通常發(fā)現(xiàn)這種題型很難。其中的原因之一是這些學(xué)生習(xí)慣于做true和false題目，其中的false涵蓋了false和not given兩種情況。所以當(dāng)學(xué)生在做true, false和 not given的題目時(shí)他們無法區(qū)分三個(gè)不同種類的矛盾對(duì)立狀況和not given的區(qū)別。因此，學(xué)生要理解false的含義。總共有三種矛盾對(duì)立狀況：

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text.

　　命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立。

　　statements which are the opposite of the original text, because they are negative.

　　命題與原文對(duì)立，因?yàn)槊}否定原文內(nèi)容。

　　statements where the information is not the opposite or negative, but the information in the statement contradicts that given in the text.

　　命題信息既不對(duì)立也不否定，但是和原文內(nèi)容矛盾。

　　Look at the examples below relating to the text and exercises:

　　Example 1

　　原文：Hurricanes have winds of at least 74 miles per hour.

　　題目：Hurricanes are winds with the speed of up to 74 miles per hour.

　　分析：由于原文中的核心內(nèi)容是at least 74 miles per hour，而題目中是up to 74 miles per hour。因此，這就是False的第一種情況：命題與原文內(nèi)容對(duì)立。

　　Example 2

　　原文：As forecasting improved communities were no longer surprised by hurricanes and could take measures to evacuate ahead of the storm. While destruction still continues, the number of deaths in hurricanes has dropped significantly.

　　題目：The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased due to improvements in forecasting.

　　分析：原文的核心內(nèi)容是While destruction still continues，而題目中的內(nèi)容是The destruction caused by hurricanes has ceased。因此，這就是False的第二種情況：命題否定原文內(nèi)容。

　　Example 3

　　原文：In 1609, a fleet of ships carrying settlers from England to Virginia USA was struck by a hurricane. Some of the ships were damaged and part of the fleet grounded on Bermuda, an isolated nation in the Atlantic. These passengers became the first people to live on Bermuda.

　　題目：The first people to live on Bermuda were settlers who chose to live there as alternative to England.

　　分析：通過原文和題目比較我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：沒有明顯的對(duì)立和否定的詞匯出現(xiàn)。而是通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生了題目和文章信息的矛盾。因此，這就是False的第三種情況。