高考英語知識點之時態
導語：本文是2023高考英語核心考點的整理，為大家詳細的整理了高考英語中的考點，是英語知識點的歸納總結，在本文中，全面為大家解答了高考英語中的時態部分的考點，包括一般現在時，過去時，將來時等，同時有習題練習。歡迎大家參閱~
高考英語知識點之時態
1. 一般現在時
?、俦硎究陀^事實或普通真理(不受時態限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
?、诒硎粳F狀、性質、狀態時多用系動詞或狀態動詞;表示經常或習慣性的動作，多用動作動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
?、郾硎局X、態度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現在時：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如：
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
?、茉跁r間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表意愿，但不表示時態。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會，我的家人會非常高興。
?、萆贁涤糜诒硎酒鹬沟膭釉~如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現在時代替將來時，表示一個按規定、計劃或安排要發生的動作。當be表示根據時間或事先安排，肯定會出現的狀態，只用一般現在時。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
2. 一般過去時
?、僖话氵^去時的基本用法：表示過去的事情、動作或狀態常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示);用于表達過去的習慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如：
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isnt.
?、谌绻麖木渲杏幸粋€過去的時間狀語，盡管從句中的動作先于主句發生，但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。如：
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
?、郾硎緝蓚€緊接著發生的動作，常由以下詞語連接，用一般過去時。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
?、艹Ｓ靡话氵^去時的句型：
Why didnt you / I think of that?
I didnt notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didnt recognize him.
3. 一般將來時
?、俦硎疚磥淼膭幼骰驙顟B常用will / shall + 動詞(常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。
②表示一種趨向或習慣動作。
Well die without air or water.
?、郾硎沮呄蛐袨榈膭釉~如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。
?、躡e going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區別：
be going to 表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事，這種打算往往經過事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準備;shall / will do表示未事先考慮過，即說話時臨時作出的決定。
be going to 表將來，不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能，表意愿。如：
If it is fine, well go fishing.(正確)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯誤)
be to do sth.表按計劃、安排即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止，可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示即可，就要，后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
4. 現在進行時
①表示說話時正在發生著的一個動作;表示現階段但不一定是發生在講話時;表近期特定的安排或計劃;go、come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如：
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用，表經常反復的行動或某種感情色彩)
?、谙旅嫠念悇釉~不宜用現在進行時。(A)表示心理狀態、情感的動作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的狀態的動詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一時性動作的動詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
5. 過去完成時
?、俪Ｓ眠^去完成時的幾種情況：(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發生的動作。如：By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即：hoped / planned + to have done。(C)時間名詞 + before在句子中作狀語，謂語動詞用過去完成時;時間名詞 + ago在句中作狀語，謂語動詞用一般過去式。如：He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示一就的幾個句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如：We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
②在before或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態代替過去完成時。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
6. 過去將來時
參照一般將來時對比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來;come、go、leave等過去進行時表過去將來時;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。
7. 過去進行時
?、龠^去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發生或頻繁發生。
?、谀骋粍幼靼l生時另一動作正在發生，其中一個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。
8. 現在完成時
?、佻F在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外，還可以和下面的介詞短語連用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
?、谙铝芯湫椭谐Ｓ矛F在完成時
It is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句
This(That / It)is the first(second)time that + 完成時
This(That / It)is the only + that + 完成時
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting + that 從句 + 完成時
③在時間或條件狀語從句中，現在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如：
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.
9. 時態區別
?、僖话氵^去時與現在完成時：時間上有差異：凡有過去時間的均用過去時態，不能用完成時態，如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
結果上有差異：現在完成時強調的是對現在的影響和結果，動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續;一般過去時強調的是動作發生在過去，和現在毫無關系。
?、谶^去完成時與一般過去時：過去完成時強調的是過去的過去如出現同一主語連續幾個動作(連謂)形式則只用一般過去時即可。
2、被動語態考查要點簡述
被動語態的構成方式：be + 過去分詞，口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態的基本用法：不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(by短語有時可以省略)。
(1)使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題。
①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化?？聪铝欣?。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
?、谥鲃幼儽粍訒r，賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動詞變被動語態時，勿要掉尾巴。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態，只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞。
?、莓斁渥拥闹^語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時，被動語態有兩種形式：(A)謂語動詞用被動語態，動詞不定式作主補。(B)用it作形式主語，真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如：
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that
(2)不能用被動語態的幾種情況。
?、偎械牟患拔飫釉~或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中。
?、诒硎緺顟B的謂語動詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
③表示歸屬的動詞，如have、own、belong to等。
④表示希望、意圖的動詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態，不能用被動語態。
?、拶e語是同源賓語，不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態。
?、哂行﹦釉~以其主動形式表示被動意義，特別是當主語是物時，常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
(3)主動形式表被動意義。
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動等意義時。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels wont sell well.這些小說不暢銷。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
The door wont lock.門鎖不上。
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。
?、诋攂reak out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示發生、關閉、制定等意思時。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
?、踳ant, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。
?、躡e worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。
?、菰赽e + 形容詞 + to do中，不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動代被動。
This kind of water isnt fit to drink.
The girl isnt easy to get along with.
另外：be to blame(受譴責)，be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
(4)被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。
?、赽e hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。
?、踒e lost迷路
?、躡e drunk喝醉
⑤be dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
(5)被動語態與系表結構的區別
被動語態強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態)
The book is well sold.(系表結構)
二、精典名題導解
選擇填空
1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)
A.will request B.are requested
C.are requesting D.request
解析：答案為B。此題的時態是不難判斷的，因為說的是一條規定，所以用一般現在時，而visitor與request之間是動賓關系，即request visitors not to touch the exhibits,究竟是誰要求他們這樣做呢?不清楚，也不必知道，因此需要用被動語態。分析visitors與request之間的關系是此題的解題關鍵。
2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology __________ so rapidly.(NMET 2001)
A.is changing B.has changed
C.will have changed D.will change
解析：答案為A。此題考查現在進行時態的用法。句意為選擇一部移動電話不是一件容易的事，因為科技發展得十分迅速。本句的主句一般現在時表達的是目前的情況，而科技發展迅速也是現階段正存在的一種狀態，不是在過去，也不是在將來，因此只能用現在進行時表達。
3. All the preparations for the task ___________, and were ready to start.(2000年春季高考)
A.completed B.complete
C.had been completed D.have been completed
解析：答案為D。現在完成時表示過去年做的事對現在的影響。從and were ready to start句意可知，一切準備工作已經就緒，可以開始工作了。complete是及物動詞，與句子的主語是被動關系，所以需要用被動語態表達。注意①分清complete與主語之間的關系;②結合語境選擇正確時態。
10. 動詞的時態與語態習題
1.We could have walked to the station.It was so near.
Yes.A taxi at all necessary.
A.wasnt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be
2.When I got to the cinema，the film for the minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was on
3.If city noises from increasing，people shout to be heard even at the dinner table.
A.are not kept;will have to B.are not kept;have to
C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to
4.In some parts of the world，tea with milk and sugar.
A.is serving B.is severed C.serves D.served
5.Do you like the material?
Yes，it vety soft.
